Bipolar Disorder Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bipolar Disorder - Article Example The basis of this study is an association between the deregulation of HPA axis and BD diagnosis, present in all clinical cases of BD. A dysfunction of the HPA axis may be caused by an alteration the rate limiting step of cortisol metabolism. A mitochondrial membrane translocator protein (TSPO) is a key regulator in this pathway as it limits the translocation of cholesterol into the power house (Colasanti, Owen, & Grozeva, et al., 2013). An amino acid substitution polymorphism (rs 6971) in the gene encoding for this transporter protein greatly affects the affinity of TSPO to cholesterol. This altered affinity in the defective protein in turn impairs the metabolism of steroids including those of HPA axis. This study provides evidence of association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the TSPO gene and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in a large scale case control study (Colasanti, Owen, & Grozeva, et al., 2013). However, the results of this study are suggestive as the findings did not reach genome wise significance; though they were reproducible. This nominal association suggests the possible existence of o ther confounding factors in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder. A limitation of this study is in the use of imputation in the analysis for the rs6971 SNP in the TSPO gene. In conclusion, a bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by mood swings. There are several environmental and genetic etiologies to this condition, which can progress to severe forms such as psychosis. A study by Colasanti, Owen, and Grozeva, et al., suggests a possible genetically altered HPA axis function as a causative factor in BD. The genetic mutation in the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) impairs the metabolism of neurosteroids, which in turn alters the HPA axis function (Colasanti, Owen, & Grozeva, et al., 2013). The deregulation in HPA axis has been reported in all BD cases suggesting a

Ethics and Abortion Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Abortion Essay Nicky was 18 when she started dating with James. They had unprotected premarital sex. After a few weeks, she found out that she was pregnant so she asked an advice from her doctor. She wasn’t ready for a baby yet. She still had her ambitions in life and she didn’t want to give up her social life. So she and James decided to abort the baby (Real Life: Abortion (Nickys Story), 2003). Yes, you read it right. In this time of one-night stands, premarital sex and unwanted pregnancies, abortion has become a common resort from responsibility. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or a POC (Product of Conception) from the uterus. Basically, there are two types of abortion: the spontaneous abortion and the induced abortion. Spontaneous abortion is the type that is caused by accident and/or by natural cases. It can also be caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, induced abortion is caused by human action. It is further categorized into therapeutic and elective. Therapeutic abortion is the act of removing the fetus from the uterus for reasons of safety and/or survival in the part of the mother, to preserve the mother’s health, to terminate pregnancy that would result in a child born with congenital disorders, and to selectively reduce the number of fetuses to lessen health risks regarding multiple pregnancies. Meanwhile, elective abortion is the kind of abortion performed for any other reason. There are two different but parallel theories regarding abortion—the consequential theory and the deontology theory. The consequential theory believes that an act is morally right if and only if it contributes to the common good(Williams, 1973. ). It outrightly supports abortion—may it be therapeutic or elective. In therapeutic abortion, if the mother life is at risk in having the pregnancy, then the consequential theory allows for such action. If having a baby destroys a person’s future career, then abortion is okay. Consequential theory denies that moral rightness depends solely on the anything other than the consequences (B. Hooker, 2000). Nonetheless, what makes this morally wrong is not the abortion itself but the consequences it may bring to the mother such as emotional trauma. Consequential theory ignores all morally relevant factors to the consequences as opposed to whatever the circumstances there may be(Mill, 1861). However, deontology theory asserts otherwise. Deontological ethics or duty-based ethics does not consider an act as good or evil per se but classifies the action as it is being performed or on the process of performing devoid of prejudice or pre-established ethical principles. It judges morality by evaluating the nature of the actions and the will of the person involved rather than what is achieved(Kay, 1997). It is also known as nonconsequentialism. Deontological judgment depends on the object or original nature of the act. It typically involves two important elements, prerogatives and constraints. Prerogatives deny that one should always choose the option with optimistic consequences and constraints place limitations on the actions that the person may do in order to bring about his own personal good. Thus, from the deontological parlance, abortion, because it takes away life, upsets nature’s way of creation, and denies the natural capacity of a woman to give birth, is objectively and intentionally malicious, although it could be justified in extreme cases which would merit for an exception. These two theories, in essence are different but somehow, they are compatible with each other. They do not really contradict each other, rather, they are analogous. Analogous theories are truly and essentially different but necessarily contradictory with each other in principle but they could have similar effects or conclusion per application that is why they are analogouspartly the same, partly different. In the present society, most women view abortion consequentially. They justify abortion by consequences it may cause. Let’s take Nicky’s situation as an example. Nicky believes that the abortion of their baby is right mainly because it was not yet the right time for them to have a baby. If she were to continue with her pregnancy, what would have happened? She would have lived a miserable lifenot having a job or a career and tied down with a baby. What if her boyfriend James left her? Could she find another man who would readily accept her despite her past? There were lots of things to be consideredschool, financial stability, and emotional stability. These and a lot more questions ran through Nicky’s mind before she decided to go with the abortion. Obviously, it is not easy to try to confuse one’s conscience. But if we look at it closely, it is a matter of rights. Women’s rights. Everybody makes mistakes. Nicky did a mistake by engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse with her boyfriend. Nevertheless, continuing the pregnancy could also be a mistake. Abortion, when we look at its consequences, is not a mistake. According to the Women’s Rights, â€Å"women have the right to bodily integrity and autonomy†. Whether or not the woman decides to resort to abortion of the fetus inside her body, it is her right to decide on that. Aside from that, women also have the right to parenthood and marriage. Women who have committed abortion should not be discriminated by the society. True, it is not such a nice image but hey, women are humans. Women have rights—equal rights—and dignity(2006, Human Rights Watch).

Stress And How To Manage It Essays -- essays research papers

Stress and How To Manage It Everyone has stress, and we all have different stressors. Each person has their own way of coping with stress. some ignore their problems while others face them head on. There are four types of stressors and we all experience them at some point in our lives. One of these stressors is hassles. Hassles are a part of everyday life, but if they aren't coped with, they an cause major problems. One hassle in my life is me being constantly sick all of the time. Lately, I have had a lot of colds and flus's. Coughing, sneezing, and missing school can get really old. It is a hassle to blow my nose and take my pills all of the time. My being sick is a big hassle, but it is not really a high quality of stressor. Hassles can cause quite a bit of stress, but they are nothing compared to a catastrophe. Catastrophes are unpredictable events that can change your life permanently. The biggest catastrophe in my life was when my best friend, Dre, died. It was hard for me because I knew what was happening to him but there was nothing I could do about it. My parents didn't know about him so I couldn't turn to them. I couldn't turn to my boyfriend because he wouldn't understand or care. Dre was the one person I could always turn to, and when I lost him my life changed forever. The death of a loved one is usually considered a life change, but in my case it was much more drastic than that. My life change that has caused me a lot of stress would be my problems with my ...

Hiv Infection In Indonesia Health And Social Care Essay

Indonesia has among the fastest turning prevalence of people infected with HIV in Asiatic parts. However, the prevalence in Indonesia itself is still low: harmonizing to the Data and Information Centre from Indonesian Ministry of Health, around 0.2 per centum from the entire population. However, since Indonesia is the universe 4th most thickly settled state, this figure means that presently there are a sum of about 200.000 people populating with HIV in Indonesia ( UNAIDS, 2007 ) . From the informations in Indonesian Ministry of Health ( 2006 ) , we can besides see that 82 % of known people populating with HIV/AIDS is work forces and are concentrated within specific groups with specific behavior in the population: approximately 50.3 % of HIV infection instances are from shooting drug users, 40.3 % from unprotected heterosexual sex, while 4.2 % from unprotected homosexual sex. There are besides several surveies that show the HIV infections epidemic work forces who have sex with work forces communities in developing Asiatic states, including Indonesia ( Pisani et al. , 2004 ; Toole et al. , 2006 ; Wong, Zhang, Wu, Kong, & A ; Ling, 2006 ) . To reply with the HIV infections pandemic, the authorities, with the presidential edict figure 36/1994, established the National AIDS Commission. This committee were created to forestall and to take incorporate and co-ordinated, inter-sectoral actions against AIDS in Indonesia. This committee is headed by the Ministry of Welfare and besides with the coordination of other Ministries, such as Ministry of Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs ( Presiden Republik Indonesia, 1994 ) . It is aimed to forestall and to take actions against AIDS harmonizing to the current ordinances, in conformity with the planetary scheme set by the United Nations, and besides to increase community consciousness for AIDS and bettering the intersectoral, integrated and coordinated bar and actions against AIDS In 2003, another presidential edict was set up to better this committee. It stated that the committee actions are organizing steps in actions against AIDS, including bar, instruction, wellness service, surveillance, and control of AIDS, epidemiological observation on vulnerable populations at hazard of infecting HIV, wellness instruction, wellness run and regional and international cooperation in forestalling against AIDS ( Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2006 ) . 3. Is it bettering the status? The plan set up by the cardinal authorities, regional authorities, non governmental administration, and the support received from foreign givers in the signifier of HIV consciousness and bar plans throughout Indonesia have been bettering some of the state of affairs of HIV infection in Indonesia. A study on rubber usage in sex industry in Indonesia in 2004-2005 reported that 61 % of sex workers in whorehouses said that they had use a rubber in the last clip they sold sex. A prevalence of 57 % was found in sex workers who didnit work in a whorehouse. ( UNAIDS/WHO, 2008 ) . For shooting drug users, the plan is focused on cut downing the usage of non-sterile injecting equipment. In Jakarta and Medan, where plans such as these are making the injecting drug users, the study found out that more than 80 % of shooting drug users said that they ever used clean acerate leafs ( UNAIDS/WHO, 2008 ) . The injury decrease method, which has been set up as a theoretical account for Indonesian authorities to undertake the turning HIV infections from shooting drug users group in Indonesia, was established by the Sentani Commitment ( see Appendix ) , as an understanding between the National AIDS Commission and regional authoritiess ( National AIDS Commission, 2004 ) . While plans to forestall HIV infections in female sex workers and shooting drug users have been demoing some grade of success, another vulnerable populations is still hold lower precedence in AIDS bar plan. A study in 2004 mentioned HIV infection degrees of 2.5 % in work forces who have sex with work forces, 3.6 % among male sex workers, and 22 % on waria ( Indonesian term for transgender ) sex workers in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Almost of them are practising hazardous sexual behavior. It is stated that 65 % of the male sex workers and 53 % of work forces who have sex with work forces in Indonesia reported holding insecure anal sex with male spouses and besides 54 % of the male sex workers reported that they had sex with adult females in the anterior twelvemonth ( Pisani et al. , 2004 ) . However, when we look at the tendencies in the undermentioned figure, we can clearly see the increasing figure of new instances of HIV infection found in Indonesia until 2006. ( Pusat Data dan Informasi Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2006 ) Besides we have another graph demoing the theoretical account to foretell the figure of HIV infections in Jakarta, merely from the informations taken from one population: the shooting drug users. ( UNAIDS/WHO, 2008 ) From the above graph, we can see that the state of affairs in Indonesia is still far from bettering. In add-on, although the overall HIV infection prevalence in Indonesia is still low, if we look into the parts of Indonesia, we have a figure every bit high as 2.4 % as the grownup prevalence rate of HIV infection in the Papua state ( Pusat Data dan Informasi Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2006 ) . The Ministry of Health vision of Healthy Indonesia by the twelvemonth 2010, which set a end of 0.9 per centum of maximal prevalence in 2010 ( Menteri Kesehatan RI, 2003 ) in all parts of Indonesia, seems farfetched. In the undermentioned subdivision, we will discourse jobs in the execution of the policy for HIV bar in Indonesia. 4. Problem in plan of HIV bar Although the authorities already put up a committee accountable straight to the president, we can see that the job with HIV infections in Indonesia is still turning. In the undermentioned, I would wish to discourse several points why the policy against HIV in Indonesia is still unable to accomplish its end ( such as in the Healthy Indonesia by 2010 ) . There are 4 chief jobs that I would discourse, two related to the mark of the plan, in covering with the sexual transmittal of HIV infection, and besides transmittal in shooting drug users. The others two related to the decentralization procedure in Indonesia and on support. 4.1. Extensive sex web and geographical difference Sexual activity industry in Indonesia itself is extended even though their legality is questioned. A study on 1994-1995 found that there were 71,281 sex workers in Indonesia ( Endang, Ivan, Walter, Noni, & A ; et al. , 2002 ) , even though the existent figure should be higher. Prostitution is non allowed in Indonesia, and sex workers who were caught beging in the streets can be sent to a rehabilitation cantonment. Nonetheless, whorehouses are slightly recognized particularly in the large metropoliss: they are non illegal, there are no regulations sing this, the illegality of harlotry merely concern on those who sell sex on the street. Therefore the local authoritiess have regulated sex works in these whorehouses, supplying wellness installations and put certain restrictions. However, this ill-defined position for whorehouses can present a job for keeping sustainable wellness plan in forestalling HIV infections. The huge parts in Indonesia besides made an obstruction in the plan to forestall HIV infections. In most Indonesian states, such as in Java, Bali, Sumatra, and others, the common transmittal of HIV infections is through shooting drug users. However, in Papua state, we have a different transmittal form. Papua is equaling Jakarta in footings of HIV infections prevalence: a prevalence of 2.4 % for overall grownup HIV prevalence, and this could make to every bit high as 3.2 % in distant Highlandss of the Papua state ( UNAIDS/WHO, 2008 ) . In this part, unprotected sex is the chief manner of transmittal. Based on informations from the UNAIDS/WHO, thereis a high proportion of work forces engaged in bad sex, with 25 % reported that they had sex with non regular spouse ( over half of it were paid sex ) and 20 % had more than one sexual spouse. From this study we can besides see that the usage of rubber is uncommon. It is reported that merely 14 % who said that they use rubbers for paid sex, and even merely 3 % said that they had usage rubber every clip in old month. Another job with the Papua state is sexual force. It was mentioned that 12 % of adult females has experience sexual force, even from their domestic spouse. Therefore, to forestall increasing HIV infection in Papua, the chief co ncern is to supply better sex instruction and besides to advance and to administer rubber throughout Papua part. ( UNAIDS, 2007 ) 4.2. Harm decrease policy for shooting drug user Even though the term of injury decrease itself is still controversial, whether it is a wide term of steps embracing schemes of restricting supply and minimising injury, merely like in Australia, or merely purely merely a portion of the scheme to undertake drug maltreatment specifically to understate the injury of utilizing drug ( Ball, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Beyrer, Kumarasamy and Pizer ( 2005 ) , the jobs with the execution of harm decrease policy in Asia, including Indonesia, can be categorised into three classs. The first 1 is this policy is considered as a manner to state that it is wholly right to hold people who abuse drugs and that this behavior is merely an look from several people that tend to take hazards. The focal point of the injury decrease ( at least in the narrow definition ) so is to understate the injury from utilizing drugs irrespective whether the position of utilizing drug is right or incorrect or wherever the drug comes from, since it is the wellness sector itself would bear the brunt if HIV infections ( and besides Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections ) spreads from shooting drug users. Whether drug dependence itself pose a serious wellness job to the community, where increasing drug user would besides means increasing figure of neurologic disablement and psychosocial job, would be tackled by the r estriction of supply of drugs, non by the injury decrease system. I think that if Asiatic states, particularly Indonesia, want to to the full implement harm decrease policy, both understating the supply and pull offing the injury of drug maltreatment should set into pattern. Therefore, the injury from bad pattern of shooting drug users ( for illustration needle sharing ) can be minimised while effects of drugs to single and society itself can besides be minimised through controlling/ cut downing supply of drugs in the black market. However, it is interesting to see in Iran, another Asiatic states with high Muslim population, merely like Indonesia, that the caput of Persian Judiciary declare, sing on this quandary between public wellness and drug control, after sing the Islamic rule of idoing no injury to oneself or othersi and ithe worst injury is eliminated by a lesser harmi , that the public wellness is more of import in commanding the spread of HIV infections ( as the worst injury ) instead than command on drug maltreatment ( which considered as a lesser injury ) ( Ball, 2007 ) . The 2nd obstruction of harm decrease policy, as in many Asiatic states, is the legal system ( Beyrer et al. , 2005 ) . The current legal system in Indonesia still considers that the maltreatment of drugs is illegal and can be punished. The job arise with this is that the harm decrease policy is normally set up several topographic points for shooting drug user to entree clean acerate leafs and besides topographic points to dispose them decently. Injecting drug users besides need topographic point for them to acquire some intervention, instruction, and referral. If puting up these topographic points can present a menace in the security of the community and besides put on the lining the injecting drug users being caught by the constabulary, there should be some via media between the rights of shooting drug users and besides the rights of community for security. Therefore if we want to put up a safe oasis for shooting drug users so that they can safely derive entree of clean acerate leaf s, intervention, instruction and referral, the supplier of such topographic point must be able to supply legal protection for their client from being arrested in that topographic points. Obviously we should merely set safe sphere for shooting drug users everyplace, but we must understand foremost where shooting drug users needed largely. Another facet of the legal system is related to the position of possessing injection equipment: eg syringe. Although in Indonesia it is non illegal to transport needle syringe, nevertheless, it is regulated under prescription merely. In several states, there are Torahs that prohibit people to possess injecting equipment, but finally experience from developed states shows that if this ordinance is abolished, it truly removes the pattern of needle sharing between shooting drug users while does non truly hold much consequence on the prevalence of new user ( Deany, 2000 ) . In add-on to that, if the legal system can work to suit the injury decrease system, the constabulary can besides move an of import portion in HIV bar among shooting drug users. Police so should mention drug users for intervention instead than imprison them. Finally, the last obstruction is on fiscal support and coverage of harm decrease plan. Other than supplying a safe topographic point for shooting drug users, a plan on harm decrease of drug maltreatment must supply a continued supply of clean acerate leafs. They besides need human resources to run the plan such as checkups and paramedics, counselors, and others. Possibly it is difficult to set some money from the budget merely to isatisfyi the demand ( or rights? ) of shooting drug users, nevertheless, this is needed to forestall farther job in public wellness. And this job in support will be discussed in the following subdivision. From this we can see that the job is much clear: whether the society accepts such behaviors and trades with the injury caused by it and whether the authorities is willing to carry on such plan. 4.3. Problem in regional execution In 2007, 23 provincial authoritiess reduced their HIV budget by a sum of 5.72 billion rupiahs, to be put toward the outgo of regional election, even though President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono called for an addition in the stateis budget for HIV/AIDS during a cabinet meeting in July. In Papua, for illustration, the provincial authorities allocated Rp 10 one million millions for its regional AIDS committee in 2007, but merely 1 per centum of the budget was realised. The authorities did non see HIV/AIDS a precedence because the figure of septic people remained little compared to patients of other diseases. In December 2007 the Ministry of Health recorded 6,066 people with HIV and 11,141 with AIDS. The National AIDS Commission said it needs more than Rp 1.5 trillion in 2008 to cover with the virus, which most of the budget would be spent on bar plans, but the cardinal authorities has promised to supply Rp 1 trillion merely. The committee estimated the figure of people with HIV/AIDS would make 400,000 in 2010 and one million in 2015 across the state. ( The Jakarta Post, 2008 ) . 4.4. Problem on support and sustainibility In relation to the old treatment on regional execution of the policy, we can see that it was expected for the regional authorities to increase their disbursement on publicities against HIV infections. This is because Indonesia is still depending on foreign givers to undertake the issue of HIV infections. Foreign givers provide up to 70 per centum of financess to forestall HIV infections in Indonesia ( Pathoni, 2008 ) . However, givers such as the United States and Australia are expected to diminish AIDS-related aid partially because they now consider Indonesia a middle-income state. This means that plans on HIV bar in Indonesia should stress on sustainability. We shall look at one illustration: the Aksi Stop AIDS plan. The Aksi Stop AIDS plan is a plan of HIV bar where USAID, in cooperation with the Family Health International and working together with the authorities of Indonesia through the National Commission of AIDS ( Family Health International, 2007 ) . This plan is aimed to cut down incidence of STI/HIV/AIDS in most-at-risk groups ( MARGs ) thereby assisting to forestall a generalize epidemic and decreased incidence of STI/HIV/AIDS within the general population of Papua ( Family Health International, 2007, p. 5 ) . The plan itself were late came to an terminal in September 2008, where it was expected that we have ( Family Health International, 2007, p. 5 ) : i Increased coverage of most-at-risk groups with trim intercessions and improved utilizations of hazard decrease behaviors, patterns, and entree to and usage of services ; and i Increased ability of implementing bureaus to on a regular basis supervise, evaluate and better plan public presentation, therefore accomplishing expanded coverage. We can see that from this illustration that sustainability of the plan is really of import. After the plan ended, and we have the end product of improved implementing bureaus in HIV bar, therefore we can anticipate the result is the continuity of the HIV bar plan. 5. Decision In decision, we can see that although Indonesian policy on HIV bar is already set, they have to cover some of the issues which are different from other states: the extended sexual web, the geographical difference in HIV infection prevalence and chief method of transmittal, jobs in implementing the harm decrease policy for shooting drug user, jobs arose with decentralization, where regional authoritiess donit prioritise HIV bars, and besides the job with support and sustainability. In covering with the increasing figure if HIV infections in Indonesia, therefore we need to develop a better scheme which turn toing these issues.

The National Origins Act of 1924

The National Origins Act of 1924 was a law that restricted the number of immigrants allowed to enter the U.S. by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants. The Immigrants that was restricted were from southern and eastern Europe and which then virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960s. The National Origins Act established a system of immigration, which required immigrants to have a visa issued by an American consular officer abroad before immigrating to the United States. It completely changed the patterns of immigration throughout the twentieth century. This measure sharply reduced immigration to America, and especially targeted those from southern and eastern Europe. Which it did not affect America per say, really affected people from Europe who wanted to migrate to the United States. The 1965 Immigration Act is the foundation of America's current legal immigration system. It abolished the Immigration Act of 1924 that had been in place in the United States since 1924. Overriding past quota systems that heavily favored Europeans. It was the act declared that no person shall receive any preference or priority or be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of the person's race, sex, nationality, place of birth or place of their residence. The Act based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States. They are coming from a range of countries and cultures and are transforming cities, suburbs, and rural areas and are affecting schools, religions, politics, and health care. A higher proportion now already have professional skills and college degrees. Part 2: Labor Immigrants Labor Immigrants are immigrants that come to the United States undocumented, not all of them are undocumented but many come to America undocumented. Many of them are EWI's, visa abusers, and some come over as temporary workers. Some who are undocumented, they may have regularized status. Labor Immigrants often come to America from poorer countries. Immigrants come through family reunification or as refugees. They are drawn by the lure of higher wages in the United States from their country. Often in other foreign countries, they're pay scales do not compare as the United States pay scale. That's why often foreigners come  over to America to work in order to provide for their families due to better pay. Labor Immigrants occupation consists of agriculture, construction, garment and   omestic. Compared to both the native and overall foreign-born worker population, Mexican and Central American workers are less likely to be employed in professional and related industries. They are more likely to be employed in the construction and non-durable goods manufacturing industries. Often times, labor immigrants live in small apartments complex's or in small homes which a Lot of immigrants will live together and help to pay rent. Typically, Immigrants will live in cities or nearby than versus living out in rural areas. Many do receive some aid in housing by the federal government because they are given visa's to work in America. The biggest problem many show is speaking English, because they haven't learned English. So a few speak enough English to get by or often I seen many of times, is that they have a friend that speaks English pretty decent and then tells them what to do in their language in order to complete task. Part 2 continued: Professional Immigrants Professional Immigrants are highly trained individuals who move to fill an economic niche in a middle-class profession often marked by shortages in the receiving country. The United States Immigration policy encourages this type of immigration. Therefore, most in this category come illegally in the United States. Many immigrants find too few professional  opportunities in their home countries so that's why they come to America to work. Most of the professional immigrants have college degrees or either some-sort of degree in a trade to obtain knowledge or in order to work for companies. They are very hard workers in this field.  Often enter at the bottom of their fields in the United States which refers to brain drain. You see many professional immigrants working in construction such as working on building new omes. Many of these immigrants go to school to learn that type of trade or even companies will hire them and train them as they progress. I will hear when some companies will even pay for their schooling in order to move them up in ranks. Often professional immigrants live in small apartments complex's or in small homes which a Lot of immigrants will live together and help to pay rent. They will also live with their  families in a house while the husband goes to work and the wife stays home and takes care of their children if they have any. Typically, Immigrants will live in cities or nearby than versus living out in rural areas. Yet again, the biggest problem many show is speaking English, because they haven't learned English. So a few speak enough English to get by or often I seen many of times, is that they have a friend that speaks English pretty decent and then tells them what to do in their language in order to complete task. Part 3: I chose the documentary film, In â€Å"Dollars and Dreams: West Africans in New York†, the immigrants all start in the same place but they all ended up going in many different directions. From dishwashers, to house builders, to construction workers, and to entrepreneurs making millions. The location of New York fulfilled the expectations of some immigrants because of many different jobs, but some did not feel that way. The America dream is hard to achieve and a lot of hard work to achieve what you want in life which several of these immigrants did. I definitely agree in hard work because I think you can achieve greatness through hard work. In the podcast â€Å"This America Life: Immigration† the narrator discusses how Mexican immigrants revolutionized/evolved the chicken industry in the south in the United States. More importantly in a small town in Albertville located in Alabama. Soon after, Mexican immigrants started to funnel in and take positions in the factory from other workers who had worked there for years. Therefore, it would cause conflict amongst workers inside the work place. One of the black workers said for the first time he had felt unified working with the white workers to fight against this issue. The other workers felt that Mexicans were taking their positions because they were harder workers and fearing being fired unlike the white people. This particular podcast did very well in showing both sides of the argument. This helped me to understand not only the views on what I heard about Mexicans taking America jobs, but also showed how the Mexicans revolutionized this industry to benefit themselves and as well as their families. I Totally agree with Mexicans/ foreigners being hard workers because my dad is real estate appraiser and I will go with him while he does his work. I would just sit in the truck sometimes and watch them work and they do work very hard and very long days versus a white worker. Lastly, I chose â€Å"Maeve in America: children of Immigrants, Listen to your Parents† explores case by case of examples how immigrants children share several similarities in how they were raised as a child by their parents. The children experienced parents who lacked to share culture and thus redistricted their children from developing. For example, an Indian parent did want their child to participate in going over friend's house in spending a night over a friend's house. Hearing these stories about how the immigrant parents helped me connect what I learned in class to what actually happens in today's society and what actually really goes on. It just made me sit back and think that I'm really grateful for what I have in my life and what I have learned so far.

Aroma Compounds and Their Odors

Aroma Compounds and Their Odors An odor or odour is a volatile chemical compound that humans and other animals perceive via the sense of smell or olfaction. Odors are also known as aromas or fragrances and (if they are unpleasant) as reeks, stenches, and stinks. The type of molecule that produces an odor is called an aroma compound or an odorant. These compounds are small, with molecular weights less than 300 Daltons, and are readily dispersed in the air due to their high vapor pressure. The sense of smell can detect odors are extremely low concentrations. How Odor Works Organisms that have a sense of smell detect molecules by special sensory neurons called olfactory receptor (OR) cells. In humans, these cells are clustered at the back of the nasal cavity. Each sensory neuron has cilia that extend into the air. On the cilia, there are receptor proteins that bind to aroma compounds. When binding occurs, the chemical stimulus initiates  an electric signal in the neuron, which transmits the information to the olfactory nerve, which carries the signal to the olfactory bulb in the brain. The olfactory bulb is part of the limbic system, which is also associated with emotions. A person may recognize an odor and relate it to an emotional experience, yet might be unable to identify the specific components of a scent. This is because the brain doesnt interpret single compounds or their relative concentrations, but the mix of compounds as a whole. Researchers estimate humans can distinguish between 10,000 and one trillion different odors. There is a threshold limit for odor detection. A certain number of molecules need to bind olfactory receptors to stimulate a signal. A single aroma compound may be capable of binding to any of several different receptors. The transmembrane receptor proteins are metalloproteins, probably involving copper, zinc, and perhaps manganese ions. Aromatic Versus Aroma In organic chemistry, aromatic compounds are those that consist of a planar ring-shaped or cyclic molecule. Most resemble benzene in structure. While many aromatic compounds do have an aroma, the word aromatic refers to a specific class of organic compounds in chemistry, not to molecules with scents. Technically, aroma compounds  include volatile inorganic compounds with low molecular weights that can bind olfactory receptors. For example, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an inorganic compound that has a distinctive rotten egg scent. Elemental chlorine gas (Cl2) has an acrid smell. Ammonia (NH3) is another inorganic odorant. Aroma Compounds by Organic Structure Organic odorants fall into several categories, including esters, terpenes, amines, aromatics, aldehydes, alcohols, thiols, ketones, and lactones. Here is a list of some important aroma compounds. Some occur naturally, while others are synthetic: Odor Natural Source Esters geranyl acetate rose, fruity flowers, rose fructone apple methyl butyrate fruits, pineapple, apple pineapple ethyl acetate sweet solvent wine isoamyl acetate fruity, pear, banana banana benzyl acetate fruity, strawberry strawberry Terpenes geraniol floral, rose lemon, geranium citral lemon lemongrass citronellol lemon rose geranium, lemongrass linalool floral, lavender lavender, coriander, sweet basil limonene orange lemon, orange camphor camphor camphor laurel carvone caraway or spearmint dill, caraway, spearmint eucalyptol eucalyptus eucalyptus Amines trimethylamine fishy putrescine rotting meat rotting meat cadaverine rotting meat rotting meat indole feces feces, jasmine skatole feces feces, orange blossoms Alcohol menthol menthol mint species Aldehydes hexanal grassy isovaleraldehyde nutty, cocoa Aromatics eugenol clove clove cinnamaldehyde cinnamon cinnamon, cassia benzaldehyde almond bitter almond vanillin vanilla vanilla thymol thyme thyme Thiols benzyl mercaptan garlic allyl thiol garlic (methylthio)methanethiol mouse urine ethyl-mercaptan the smell added to propane Lactones gamma-nonalactone coconut gamma-decalactone peach Ketones 6-acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine fresh bread oct-1-en-3-one metallic, blood 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline jasmine rice Others 2,4,6-trichloroanisole the scent of cork taint diacetyl butter scent/flavor methyl phosphine metallic garlic Among the smelliest of the odorants are methyl phosphine and dimethyl phosphine, which can be detected in extremely low amounts. The human nose is so sensitive to thioacetone that  it can be smelled within seconds if a container of it is opened hundreds of meters away. The sense of smell filters out constant odors, so a person becomes unaware of them after continuous exposure. However, hydrogen sulfide deadens the sense of smell. Initially, it produces a strong rotten egg smell, but binding of the molecule to odor receptors prevents them from receiving additional signals. In the case of this particular chemical, the loss of sensation can be deadly, as it is extremely toxic. Aroma Compound Uses Odorants are used to make perfumes, to add odor to toxic, odorless compounds (e.g., natural gas), to enhance the flavor of food, and to mask undesirable scents. From an evolutionary standpoint, a scent is involved in mate selection, identifying safe/unsafe food, and forming memories. According to Yamazaki et al., mammals preferentially select mates with a different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) from their own. MHC can be detected via scent. Studies in humans support this connection, noting its also affected by the use of oral contraceptives. Aroma Compound Safety Whether an odorant occurs naturally or is produced synthetically, it may be unsafe, especially in high concentrations. Many fragrances are potent allergens. The chemical composition of fragrances is not regulated the same from one country to another. In the United States, fragrances in use before the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 were grandfathered in for use in products. New aroma molecules are subject to review and testing, under the oversight of the EPA. Reference Yamazaki K, Beauchamp GK, Singer A, Bard J, Boyse EA (February 1999). Odortypes: their origin and composition.​ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (4): 1522–5.Wedekind C, Fà ¼ri S (October 1997). Body odour preferences in men and women: do they aim for specific MHC combinations or simply heterozygosity?. Proc. Biol. Sci. 264 (1387): 1471–9.

We are all heroes essays

We are all heroes essays Nowadays the concept of hero is in no argument weather that they should be alive or not, young or old, poor or rich. There are many institutions that recognized individuals and are branded as heroes. But becoming a hero is not only for the chosen one, not for those who only passed the standards set by human. We are all heroes in our own endeavor no matter how little the good we do. Let us first identify the hero in our society. For I believe that amidst the stress we are experiencing, still there are heroes. Philippines is now confronted with immense economic problem. Philippine oil distributors monopolized and engulf our economy with their sustained price hikes. Thus putting a domino effect in our societies basic commodities. Fiscal crises also worsen our economic situation. Now even a single peso could not buy you cigarette. Where and who are the heroes? The rich who can donate in Donasyon ng bayan by House speaker Jose De Venecia? Perhaps yes! As long as their intentions are sincere to help build the economy. The amounts are just material things that we always look upon. The deed is much to be value and be off by intrigues. Inspite of the economic difficulties, looking on the other side of the coin we could find another hero, the masa. I am one of them and becoming a hero is being able to endure and sacrifice for family. Masa are heroes for we continuously assert and take initiative for the improvement of ones life. Though efforts are little, as other would see, still a heroic deed. We are all heroes in our own endeavor it need not to be broadcast nor given a medal just to become one. Philippine is nevertheless trying to become more competitive when it comes to education. Every now and then the curriculum are being evaluated and changes are administered. On the other hand, more children and youths are seemly out of school inspite of the governments effort in educating them. Som...

Names of Professions and Jobs for English Learners

Names of Professions and Jobs for English Learners All English learners, no matter their age or background, should be familiar with the names for common jobs and professions. Knowing these will help you better communicate in a variety of situations, whether you are traveling, shopping, or simply having a conversation with a new friend. Examples of jobs and professions- and how to use each one in a sentence- appear below. Arts Design Professionals who work in the field of arts and design include architects, who design homes and other buildings; actors, who appear on stage, on TV, and in movies; and writers, who produce poetry, articles, and books. Examples of these professions appear in the following sentences: Actor - Famous actors make millions of dollars from their films.Architect - The architect drew up the blueprints for the building.Designer - Our designer will completely redo your store with a new look.  Editor - The editor of a newspaper must decide which articles to print.Musician - Its difficult to make a living as a musician playing an instrument.Painter - The painter creates beautiful pictures with his brush.Photographer - A photographer does their best to capture a special instant in time on film.Writer - The writer wrote a fantastic book about zombies. Business Business is a huge field that includes a diverse range of jobs, from accountants, who keep track of money, to managers, who direct business operations and employees. Positions range from entrys of these jobs appear in the following sentences: Accountant -  Accountants  keep track of how money is earned and spent.Clerk - Talk to the clerk about depositing a check.Company director - Our company director issued the yearly report.Manager - A manager takes care of the business arrangements for famous, and not so famous, artists and musicians.Salesperson - Salespersons are always nice, and theyre happy to help you with something youd like to buy. Education Research One of the most common education careers is teacher, someone who instructs students in a variety of different fields, from science to the arts. Other education careers are more research-driven. Economists, for example, study the economy, while scientists investigate a range of different topics.  Examples of these jobs appear in the following sentences: Economist - An economist studies how different economic systems function.Scientist - The scientist might work for years before coming up with the results of an experiment.Teacher - While often underpaid and overworked, teachers educate children that will one day be our future. Food One of the largest job fields is the food industry, which encompasses all the jobs involved in the production, preparation, and sale of food, from the farmers who plant and harvest vegetables to the wait staff who end up serving those vegetables in restaurants.  Examples of food-related jobs appear in the following sentences: Baker - I bought three loaves from the local baker.Butcher - Could you go to the butcher and get a few steaks?Chef - The chef prepared a marvelous four-course meal.Cook - The cook was responsible for simple meals such as hamburgers and bacon and eggs. Cooks are members of the  foodservice industry.Farmer - The farmer sold his vegetables at the local farmers market on Saturdays.Fisherman - The fishermen in this area have seen commercial salmon fishing decline over the years.Waitperson - Ask the waitperson for the menu, Im starving! Healthcare Healthcare is one of the most important industries and includes life-savers such as doctors and surgeons. It also includes nurses and caretakers, who are responsible for monitoring and assisting individuals with health conditions.  Examples of healthcare jobs appear in the following sentences: Caretaker - Its important that a caretaker be very empathetic with a family that has lost a loved one.Dentist - The dentist explained the root canal procedure to the patient at his  dental appointment.Doctor - Do you think I should see a doctor for this cold?Nurse - Nurses make sure patients needs are taken care of in hospitals.Optician - The optician checks your eyesight to see if you need glasses.Surgeon - Surgeons dont have any problem cutting someone open. Its their job!

Lower Quadrant Sport Injuries - Rehabilitation program for Grade 2+ Essay

Lower Quadrant Sport Injuries - Rehabilitation program for Grade 2+ Adductor Muscle Strain - Essay Example He was afraid to make movements and told the physiotherapist that he had lost his confidence in his ability to return to his previous level of sporting activity. I checked if the groin muscles of the patient were tightened due to the injury. The muscles usually tighten the next day after the strain. The intensity of pain was checked in the groin area where the adductor muscles are located. Swelling and bruising was checked which was present. Then I checked for contraction of adductor muscles by squeezing the legs of the patient together. I was not able to contract his adductor muscles and a gap was felt in the adductor muscles. He felt pain and discomfort on stretching the muscle (Knaniik T., Tones B, Bauman C, et al). Pathophysiology The hip adductor is a group of powerful muscles which acts to pull the legs together. There are five adductor muscles namely: pectineus muscles, brevis muscles and longus muscles (these are the short adductors that go from the pelvis to the thigh bones) , Magnus muscles and Gracilis muscles (these are the long adductors which go from pelvis to the knee). These muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve except pectineus muscle which is innervated by the femoral nerve(L2- L4) and the Magnus adductor is also innervated by the tibial nerve (L4- LS )The groin strain on the hip adductors could rapture any of the muscles. (Fry, Bruce, F. 2009). I informed the patient that he had grade 2 Adductor muscle strain as he had swelling, bruisung and felt pain when it was touched. He was not able to run the way he used to before but could walk with some support till his torn muscles joined again. He was told that it would take four to five weeks for him to return to his sports activity. In grade 1 strain, a person feels mild discomfort, slight tenderness but swelling is not present. In grade 3 strain, a person presents with lots of swelling and in not capable of running or even making slight motions. A groin strain is a partial tear of the sma ll fibers of the adductor muscles. The adductors are a group of three muscles located on the inner side of the thigh. They start in the groin area and run down the inner thigh to attach to the inner side of the knee. http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/front/frontthigh/adductorinflam.htm Before the start of the treatment I asked the patient to get a MRI scan done for me along with his physician to study the depth of the injury and thus plan the treatment according to the severity of the injury to the muscles. After examining the groin area with the help of X-Rays and movement of the muscles, the footballer was advised ultra sound treatment by ultrasound therapists. Ultrasound Therapy Ultrasound therapies are used by therapists to treat soft tissue injuries. The therapist used ultrasonic waves (sound waves of a high frequency). The waves were then moved over the surface of the skin in the area affected by the injury. A special ultrasound gel was placed on the skin to ens ure maximal contact between the treatment head (the instrument producing the waves) and the surface of the skin. The benefits of ultrasound therapy include reduction of the healing time of the soft tissue injuries. It fastens the normal resolution time of the inflammatory process by gathering more mast cells at the site of injury. The application of ultrasound is not advised immediately after injury as it may cause an increase in blood flow. Increased blood flow is beneficial in the sub-acute phase of tissue injury. Ultrasound treatment is advantageous for patients with strains as it stimulates the production of more collagen which is the main protein component in soft tissue such as tendons and ligaments. This way there is acceleration in the proliferative phase of tissue healing. The treatment through

The Role of Information Security Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Role of Information Security Policy - Essay Example Regardless of all these, the essence for a security policy on information systems is unquestionable. These security policies and standards are of use to inform employees of firm their duties for protecting and safeguarding information systems of their organization. The policies state the mechanisms under which organizations can carry out these responsibilities. They also give an organization the baseline to get, configure and appraisal information systems for compliance with the policy in operation. The tools of information security system without its policy, it limits its usefulness. Policies and standards are essential in distributed computing location as a means of putting up security discipline for a big and different population of users that is reachable through formal auditing and communications. This strategy is of great importance when dealing with temporal personnel or those under contracts. Policies must show the accepted ways of an organization but also take full advantage of all methods for effecting behavior and spreading of information within a distributed computing location (James et al, 2012). Policies are of more importance in distributed computing locations than a centralized one due to the increased problems of restraining activities coming from a remote location. These policies must therefore be complete and stated clearly to minimize the number of instructions and explanations that the organization requires to handle so that they can be sure there is understanding. Here, they should have identifiers and description generally for business functions and units so that they can surpass changes of the organization (James et al, 2012). Employees play a major role in maintaining information system security. Their main role here is to study and have a close relationship with the IT section so that they can indulge when there is security incident. It is the responsibility of every employee to

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology - Essay Example Each of these topics is discussed in the report as follows. 1. Central Jersey Blood Center: With a vision to provide supply of blood to people in need, the Central Jersey Blood Center has three centers in New Jersey for the donation of blood. The blood that is collected through these centers is primarily meant for use in the area hospitals. The blood donated can be of use to the premature babies, victims of burns, cancer patients, patients suffering from heart diseases, and any other patient who would be in the need of blood. Some of the hospitals whom the Central Jersey Blood Center provides with blood supply are Bayshore Community Hospital in Holmdel, Ocean Medical Center in Brick, Kimball Medical Center in Lakewood, among others (Central New Jersey’s blood center: Three blood donor centers and blood drives save lives). Thus the Central Jersey Blood Center can be understood to perform a significant role through their collection and supply of blood to the needy patients in th e hospitals in the area. 2. HIV and AIDS: AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by the HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. An infection caused by the virus later develops in to the syndrome. An individual infected with the virus is referred to as HIV positive. Although symptoms might not be visible even if the infection has occurred, treatment is necessary. If treatment is not considered timely, the infection might result in AIDS. The disease affects the immune system of a body. The immune system of the infected individual fails and the count of cells becomes lesser than that of a normal human being. AIDS may not kill a person. However, a person having AIDS may suffer from other diseases and death might occur as a result of the person not being able to fight the disease (Stolley, Kathy S. & John E. Glass, 3-5). Thus AIDS caused by HIV can be understood to be a syndrome that completely destroys the immune system of the human body. 3. St. Francis Counseling Center on Abusive Relationships: St. Francis Psychotherapy and Counseling Center is a center for counseling that deals with providing solutions to relationships involving troubles, or when abusive behavior tends to impact the people who are bonded in a relationship or a family. This might even include child abuses. This counseling center provides counseling measures irrespective of the background of the family or of the individuals who come for help. The center makes use of different therapies for their psychotherapy and counseling techniques. Such therapies include understanding what the problem is and what causes a relation to involve abusive attitude in it. Depending on such counseling and understanding of the nature of the problem, further therapies and problem solution measures are applied by the center to improve the relationship (St. Francis Psychotherapy and Counseling Center). Thus St. Francis Psychotherapy and Counseling Center can be understood to be an efficient center of counseli ng benefiting several families and relationships suffering from abusive behavior and leading to improvement. 4. Family Planning Services and Features: The Family Planning Center of Ocean County provides with the reproductive health care facilities for women and teenagers (About Us). This center also helps college students through several educational services. They intend to create awareness among the teenagers and the college students and thus provide with teachings on various issues related to the reproductive systems. The different topics on which the center provides educational services thus helping the college students as well, include abstinence, contraception and the associated risks and benefits, sexually transmitted infections, HIV and the risks

Capital Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Planning - Research Paper Example That is why it is also known as "economic rate of return (ERR)". When multiple projects are presented to the organization, the project that gives the highest internal rate of return will be selected for investment. It is important to know about the net present value of the project because then the investor can decide whether it is worth investing in a project or not. When multiple projects are presented to the organization, all available future streams of returns, until its full useful life, will be converted to its present value and the project that gives highest net present value will be the most lucrative of the projects that are available for investment. Thus, net present value (NPV) is an appraisal technique to arrive at the conclusion to invest in a most lucrative project, from a financial perspective. Leasing is a novel way of financing machinery, equipment, computer or any other asset without paying the full amount upfront. The lessor (financer) and the lessee (receiver of the asset) are the two parties involved in any leasing agreement in which the lessee needs to pay agreed lease charges, monthly or yearly, for the use of the asset. The advantage is that the person need not worry about arranging funds to buy the asset. It is better to lease an asset in which obsolescence rate is quite high. When one is interested in using the asset rather than owning it, it is better to lease the asset (Murray, 2012). d) Comparing outright payment versus present value of all leasing rates to be paid over its useful life. If the present value of the leasing cost is not substantially higher than outright purchase (around 20%), I would go for leasing the

Corporate Risk Managemenet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Risk Managemenet - Assignment Example This paper seeks to provide an explanation on how to manage risk in a financial industry. Specifically, this paper provides an explanation on how to manage risks of a banking sector, and this is in regard to the taking of an insurance policy. In the banking sector, Risk management practices focuses on the operational risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, market risk and interest rate risk. This paper focuses mostly on the Credit risk of my hypothetical banking organization. The hypothetical name of my bank is the Bank of Venus. This is a bank, with a presence all over the country, and has more than 300 employees. This bank specializes in offering all manner of banking services, and this includes issuance of loans, safe keeping of precious commodities, money transfer and forex exchange. All these areas have their own risks. Credit risk refers to a situation where a borrower may fail to pay a debt, in which he or she is obligated to pay (Olson and Desheng, 51). The risks involved in th is situation include a loss on the interest, and the principal amount given as a loan. Occurrence of this risk also causes a disruption in the cash flow of the bank, and an increase the costs of collecting the debts owed to the bank. Effectively reducing the occurrence of these risks, results to the success of the banking institution. This is because the bank’s main source of income emanates from interests it charges on the loans issued (Mehta, 28). To achieve success therefore, the Bank of Venus took an insurance policy to safeguard and protect itself from negative experience in case there was the emergence of risks associated with issuance of credit. However, the insurance company seeks to increase the following year’s premium. This will increase the operational costs of the banking organization; as a result, there will be a reduction of profits. This paper therefore seeks to identify and explain alternative courses of risk management practices that the bank can init iate. This paper also seeks to explain the various thought processes and analysis that the bank should take for purposes of choosing the alternative course of action. Alternative Risk Management Course of Action in Managing Credit Risk: The first alternative method of managing credit risks is referred to as risk based pricing. This is a method in which the bank will charge a very high interest rate to individuals who are most likely to default. Under this method, the bank will look into the credit rating of the individual, the purpose of the loan, and the loan to value ratio (Hopkin, 31). Other factors that the bank will look at before issuing the loan and calculating interests are the employment status of the borrower, the amount of loan under consideration, and the levels of documentation involved during the process of applying for a loan (Hull, 22). Under this method of risk management, the bank will calculate the rate of interest by analyzing the time value of the money, and als o estimating the probability of the borrowing defaulting on the loan. However, this form of managing credit risk has come under a lot of criticisms. One of the major criticism of this strategy emanates from consumers who are of the view that initiating this type of policy in managing credit risk makes it difficult for shopper to locate affordable interest rates from lenders/ banking organizations (Tarantino and Deborah, 12). This is because it is difficult for sho

Capital Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Planning - Research Paper Example That is why it is also known as "economic rate of return (ERR)". When multiple projects are presented to the organization, the project that gives the highest internal rate of return will be selected for investment. It is important to know about the net present value of the project because then the investor can decide whether it is worth investing in a project or not. When multiple projects are presented to the organization, all available future streams of returns, until its full useful life, will be converted to its present value and the project that gives highest net present value will be the most lucrative of the projects that are available for investment. Thus, net present value (NPV) is an appraisal technique to arrive at the conclusion to invest in a most lucrative project, from a financial perspective. Leasing is a novel way of financing machinery, equipment, computer or any other asset without paying the full amount upfront. The lessor (financer) and the lessee (receiver of the asset) are the two parties involved in any leasing agreement in which the lessee needs to pay agreed lease charges, monthly or yearly, for the use of the asset. The advantage is that the person need not worry about arranging funds to buy the asset. It is better to lease an asset in which obsolescence rate is quite high. When one is interested in using the asset rather than owning it, it is better to lease the asset (Murray, 2012). d) Comparing outright payment versus present value of all leasing rates to be paid over its useful life. If the present value of the leasing cost is not substantially higher than outright purchase (around 20%), I would go for leasing the

Shakespeares Sonnets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shakespeares Sonnets - Essay Example For centuries, and still today, the theme of Shakespeare's sonnets was presented as a complex set of stories concerning Shakespeare's own relationship(s) with that rival poet, his fair-haired friend, and a dark women, whom he either served, was in love with, or was angry with because she was pursuing his friend. Sonnet 149 continues the theme of the other sonnets by speaking to the dark lady. The sonnet seems to be both apologizing for the speaker's actions, as well as explaining those very same actions. The tone of the poem is apologetic as well as abject. It's a confusion shared by the speaker as well as the reader of the sonnet The tone is set by the first couple of lines of the sonnet by showing how subservient to his mistress the speaker has become, even to the point where he is going against himself or his own thoughts, by loving her "for her sake". The speaker continues on by saying that he will hate all those whom she hates, and that (though he considers her a tyrant) will punish himself if he does wrong by her. The speaker seems to have sunk so low that he does not even know, or understand, his own subservience (thy service to despise). In the very next line of the sonnet, he says the best of him worships the worst of her. This is the tone of someone who realizes that what he is doing is pretty low, but he sees no way that such actions can be stopped. Many experts agree with this assessment of the sonnet and even evidence it with the last two lines of the sonnet. "Tucker dismisses the couplet as 'either very obscure or impotent" and Booth notes that it 'seems inappropriate" (Evans 269). Lately, however, the theme from the sonnets has been challenged by a 'modern' translation that says William Shakespeare was expressing some homoerotic tendencies, but had to keep them under wraps because an individual (during that era) could be 'hanged from the neck' for sodomy or fellatio.Duncan-Jones states; "as for the compromising or 'disgraceful' elements of the sonnets: their homoeroticism is here confronted positively, and is newly contextualized within the powerfully 'homosocial' world of James I's court" (Duncan-Jones xiii) Many experts disagree with Duncan-Jones and even use the sonnet(s) as evidence that Shakespeare was not homosexual, but was in fact, the exact opposite.The structure of the sonnet is classic Shakespearian. Shakespeare enjoyed writing sonnets and followed the English sonnet pattern, rather than the Italian pattern. This pattern is recognizable as the standard pattern for sonnets and includes fourteen-line poems set in an iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. As I read and analyzed this particular sonnet, the tone led me to believe that I did understand and feel the tone when it was perceived in the old-fashioned way; man torn between his love of a dark women, whom he should not love and society's perception of his love, than the Johnny-come-lately perception of the sonnet that says Shakespeare was attempting to espouse his 'homosexual' tendencies. The sonnet just did not make sense to me when I tried to read his love for another man into it. Sonnet 149 (Paraphrased) O cruel one, can you say you don't love me - Canst thou, O cruel, say I love thee not When I go against my own best

Interview with the first gentleman Essay Example for Free

Interview with the first gentleman Essay MANILA -My news editor asked me to interview the husband of the highest official of the land, Mr. Miguel â€Å"Mike† Arroyo. On the day appointed, I was whisked in to the Malacanang palace, where after the formalities, i. e. , being frisked by presidential guards in combat fatigues, I was shown in to the Philippines’ equivalent of the Oval Office. Mr. Arroyo rose to shake my hand. He was not tall, but immense, very fat, and had a bored air about him. With him was an old man wearing glasses, who introduced himself as Jess Santos, a lawyer and the First Gentleman’s spokesperson. The interview went on as follows: Q: I hear you’ve been busy these days, filing libel cases against some journalists. Jess: Yes, that is correct. You know these newspaper guys, they’re a pain in the ass. Always noisy. But of course you can’t help it. We live in a democracy, and the Philippines is the most democratic in Asia. I hope you’ll agree. But when they attack the First Gentleman, using all kinds of defamatory imputation, using the media to spread these lies and calumniate and slur him so as to blemish his clean and untainted reputation, he has to fight back. And there’s nothing wrong in using the courts to seek justice. (The First Gentleman nods gravely.) Q: Are there any truths to these so-called lies against the First Gentleman? Jess: Oh, no! None at all. This allegation about unexplained wealth, it’s absurd. It isn’t wrong to be rich, you know. But the main point here, which you must not miss, and should be emphasized in your column or whatever, is that Mr. Arroyo is a gentleman. I mean, a gentleman in the real sense of the word. You don’t see a gentleman everyday, do you? He is very dignified, punctilious of honor, the epitome of chivalry, gallantry, and respect. (The First Gentleman nods, dozing off. ) Q: Is it true he dared the lawyer of a defendant to a fistfight in court? (The First Gentleman opens his eyes, looks at me, but says nothing. ) Jess: Well, you know how it is with honorable men like the First Gentleman. They are very sensitive when their honor is brought to ridicule. And in order to preserve his honor and integrity, it is but normal for the First Gentleman to react in his defense by calling the offending party to a fight, which shows that the First Gentleman is not a pushover, nor is he a weakling, but a chivalrous man like the knights of old who were not afraid to do battle to defend their honor. Q: I see. What about his rumored liaison with a pretty woman, allegedly his secretary? Jess: (assuming a pained expression): Please, please, do not dignify such baseless, malicious accusations. The First Gentleman would never enter into an unchaste relationship with a woman other than his wife, the President, because a true gentleman will never entertain any immoral thought, much more an illicit affair with a woman. (The First Gentleman looks at the ceiling as if remembering something. ) Q: According to a columnist, the First Gentleman stayed in a $20,000 suite at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas when he went there to watch the fight between your Manny Pacquiao and Erik Morales. Jess: That is not true. I doubt if you can find such a room in Las Vegas. And even if he did, the expenses may have been paid by friends. You know the First Gentleman, he has friends from high places. Q: Well, I admit I don’t know him that much. And I notice he isn’t saying anything. Can I interview him? Jess: Oh, sure. There’s nothing to worry about him. He is the perfect gentleman. Q: Well, sir, could you react to the accusation that you have a secret bank account in Germany? FG: (unsmiling)Who told you that? Q: Well, it’s on the papers, sir. Just trying to get your reaction firsthand. FG: Well, um, it’s a lot of shit, I mean, whoever wrote that article is an asshole, I mean, he must be an enemy of the state to say such matters. Why, I know, being the First Gentleman, that there are continuing threats to our national security. Q: I also hear this issue was brought up by a certain Congressman Cayetano who is now running for Senator. And this person has challenged you to issue a waiver so that he could prove who’s telling the truth. FG: (scowling). The worthless scumbag! Scoundrel! Bloody fool! Pardon me, but I can’t help myself. You see, this person has been using his parliamentary immunity to attack me at every turn. I’m sick of him. But I won’t be dragged into this controversy. Q: He also says you brought 50 million pesos in a helicopter in Mindanao to buy votes in the last election where your wife won as President. FG: That is a lie! Don’t believe the goddam son of a gun! Q: And he has just issued a public statement that he is daring you to engage him in a debate at Plaza Miranda to show who is telling the truth. FG: The nerve! I will not stoop down to his level. If he wants, I challenge him to a fistfight (rolls up his sleeves). Q: He also says you are crook and a liar and an adulterer. FG: (roaring). He said that? Tell him to just wait. Tomorrow I’ll file twenty counts of libel against him. I have fifty lawyers to work on that. Jess: Now there, there, please don’t get excited. A gentleman is never riled up. FG: Tell him I will get his goddam ass! Jess: Please sir, you’re a real gentleman. FG: I know that, I know. And I’ll prove to the #@! =* guy that I’m a *^%4# man of honor! (end of interview).

Reviewing Somerset Maugham The Short Story English Literature Essay

Reviewing Somerset Maugham The Short Story English Literature Essay W. Somerset Maughams The Complete Short Stories of W. Somerset Maugham are two self-compiled volumes filled with literary sketches from his travels around the world. Through careful observation, Maughams keen insight into human nature proves a most interesting topic choice. Written in a meticulous structure, he writes the same old story in a raw and riveting way. While working as a doctor in the slums of London, he came into contact with less than reputable characters, some of which intrigued him. These initial experiences with colorful individuals seemed to be the origination for his interest in human nature. Maugham was interested in controversial topics like adultery and prostitution, but I believe any culture that was different than his own simply evoked strong feelings of curiosity. When possible, he leapt to explore those circumstances, hence his famed short stories compiled from his travels around the world. Maugham writes of his travels more than any other topic throughout his oeuvre. Because his writing gave him freedom to travel, Maugham was able to witness notoriously historical settings in his lifetime. Most transcribed in his short stories are these accounts of colonized areas in the Far East. India and Asia, colonized by Britain during the time of his travels, were lands filled with interesting people waiting for their story to be told. Through others stories, he wrote first-person narratives unique to this time. And while each sole story was distinctive, two common threads united them all together: its capturer, Maugham, and foreign lands. Maugham was able to illustrate the setting of the early twentieth century in a way unlike any other author. Not until after delving into the collection did I read the preface which explains exactly how and why the collection was constructed. Maugham states that his short stories are actually notes taken while traveling on particular instances and accounts of people that interested him. His intention was to revise his notes upon returning home, and to transform them into classical short stories with better narrative than originally found in his notes. When observing the notes, Maugham found they had a vividness which I might easily lose if I tried to elaborate them. His notes stayed as they were and he took on the famed reputation for having a plain prose. Maughams notable style was formed when he wrote for Cosmopolitan Magazine. He was required to integrate his stories into allotted space; therefore he had to write an interesting story with succinct language. This can prove to be difficult and is similar to poetry in the sense that certain adverbs and adjectives are stripped away to achieve the most profound story possible. Because of Maughams circumstances, he employed discretion when choosing his verbiage. Combing his work forced him to consciously mold his writing style, and to make his stories concise without making the monthly story tedious. This makes any writer more familiar with and ultimately superior in their craft. What the public got was a refined and pithy account of Maughams scrupulous narratives. His plain prose style, being bare in language, dated in setting, and having the common theme of human nature became a sure-tale sign of his work. Maughams decision to keep his notes raw makes them a refreshing alternative to the embellished stories of his peers. While some authors write more colorfully and in detail than Maugham, they elaborate and strip the stories of je ne sais quoi that can be found in raw, frank art. While some may view this is bland reporting, it captures an element which refined stories lack. His notes, or stories, resemble photographs in that they are snapshots of the setting. The works of his peers are like paintings, which are manipulated by the artists to appear in a perfect manner born from the authors view. Underneath the initial image of his work, like photographs, there is an ethereal quality. The connotation of foreign land accompanied by the time of the colonized Far East makes this possible. His style creates an unadulterated rapport with his readers. True entertainment lies within a story, and the means of telling it is merely taste. I admire Maugham for being undaunted by his competitors styles. His lack of elaboration to engage a reader is bold. The purpose for some artists, as Maugham does, is to find the extraordinary in the everyday. Maugham goes on to explain that stories generally are seen as dull, to a writer, can be seen as intriguing. This is what makes a talented artist perfect for their work. They are able to observe minute details and make them apparent for those who cannot do this. His stories are entertaining and well written, despite what critics or Maugham himself may say. In a self-deprecating quote, Maugham states that his limited vocabulary and lack of creative metaphors within his stories is the cause for harsh literary criticism. Maugham describes his opinion of a true story to include a beginning, middle and end. He states that popular writings of his day are to begin a story at any point and to end inconclusively. He believed this willy-nilly approach is not truly a story and that there must be structure. He believed a reader is only satisfied when there is a conclusion and sense of closure. Maugham also believed that his peers were inclined to write of perilous stories to intrigue their readers, but he could make everyday just as intriguing. He was behind his times and was enthralled by the past ways of writing. His work was said to have a plain prose style which was contradictory to his peers experimental literary styles. Interestingly I made the observation when reading his short stories of how matter-of-factly they had been written. This is what happened here, is often his message. This style of Maughams is what I like, but can also tire of. It is interesting and crisp, and all the adjectives and metaphors are stripped away. I am prone to concise information, and Maughams work is the base for plain prose indeed. Of course, one will tire of such bare language and crave something more colorful and exciting, which is why his style can eventually make the reader restless. Like bread, it is enough for sustenance, but with the lure of near-by fruit, who could stay on bread forever? Maugham is a unique unabashed writer whose style and diction I enjoy because it is not often heard today. It is rare and delicate and is novelty for modern readers. It is not necessary for a story to contain the dramatic plot of all fictions, as Maugham has proven over the years. Because he was true to his form, he should be respected by all. Work Cited Maugham, W. Somerset. The Complete Short Stories of W. Somerset Maugham. Doubleday: New York, 1952. Hastings, Selina. The Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham. John Murray. London, 2009. Rowland Egger, Roland. The Administrative Novel. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Jun., 1959), pp. 448-455

Cost Management Essay -- Accounting Finance Business Essays

Cost Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On page 92 of our text it says that committed costs are costs arising from the possession of facilities, equipment, and a basic organization. Discretionary costs are determined by management as part of the periodic planning process in order to meet the organization’s goals. They have no obvious relationship with levels of capacity or output activity. Therefore my assumptions of Committed and Discretionary costs are as follows. Committed Costs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discretionary Costs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Administrator  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $60,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assistant  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $35,000 Accounting and Billing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $15,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two Secretaries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $42,000 Consulting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $10,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supplies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $35,000 Salaries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $46,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertising and Promotion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $9,000 Transportation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $10,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Professional Meetings and Dues  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $14,000 Security  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $12,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two Social Workers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $70,000 Custodial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $13,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Totals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $166,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Totals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $205,000 When I first took a look at this assignment, I thought it would be a bit difficult to prove my point by using the text as a reference guide. I did that my citing the definition, but I am going to rely on what I know as a manager of a business to answer these questions and I was told that real world experiences are sometimes better that citing them from a text. Therefore, I am going to take a stab at this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that Dr. White needs to take a look at theses areas- * Salaries (for assistant and two secretaries and for two social workers) * Supplies * Advertising and Promotion * Professional Meetings and Dues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My first question as I was reading this assignment was: What do they need with an Assistant and two secretaries? Where do they hold their meetings? What do they need two social workers in each of the two areas for? Why are they spending $35,000 in supplies? I also referred back to my previous classes in team work and producing a greater output in half the time. This is not needed here. This is a mental health facility and as hard as it might be at times, they can cut the two secretaries to the administrator. I believe that one would suffice and the administrator has an assistant. They can also cut the social workers down to one per shift area, or one for community health and one for mental health. This outpatient clinic has operational costs of $371,000 with $205,000 being what I ... ...clinic’s long-run prospects. (Managerial Accounting pg 93) I am simply recommending a reduction in certain areas of the clinic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In any business, when one becomes accustomed to functioning in a certain manner; it is difficult to identify and separate what is costing you money, particularly if it is personnel. I am very familiar with this as this is one area where I am forced to make a lot of cuts. A lot of times it is like cutting your nose off to spite your face. I will honestly admit that this is one area that is the absolute hardest for me, as these people become like family. Advertising and promotional items are essential to any business but when you spend more money to promote a company, than what you are bringing in, you have a serious problem. Therefore, with this said, I would advise Dr. White to prepare for a reduced budget by analyzing what is costing her the most money, and make a decision in those areas as to how to scale them back. It will not be an easy task, but I feel that I have offered her some viable alternatives. Works Cited www.nationalpen.com Horngren/Sundem/Stratton-Introduction to Management Accounting, 2005, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Presidents of the Philippines

Inocencio, Salve Regina S. W;F 11:00-12:30 BSCA 2-2March 6, 2013 Presidents of the Philippine Republic President| Birthday| Native Land| Term of Office| AKA/ Alias| Distinction| Greatest Achievement/ Legacy| Downfall| Cause of Death| Remarks| 1. Emilio Aguinaldo| March 22, 1869| Kawit, Cavite| January 20,  1899–April 1,1901| Heneral Miong| * He was the youngest (at age 28) to have become the country's preside * The longest-lived former president (having survived to age 94)| * Gained the freedom of the Philippines from the Spaniards. The Philippines’ first President| * The invasion of the Americans| (February 6, 1964 )Coronary thrombosis| * He is still a good president of the Philippines even though there are lots of controversies about him. He did his best to protect his people from the invaders. | 2. Manuel L. Quezon| August 19, 1878| Baler, Aurora| November 15, 1935-August 1, 1944| Nonong| * He is the president of the  Commonwealth of the Philippines| * Father of the  National Language * He appears on the Philippine twenty peso bill| | (August 1, 1944)Tuberculosis | * He did a great job to improve the economy. 3. Jose P. Laurel| March 9, 1891| Tanauan, Batangas| December 4, 1942  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ October 14, 1943| JPL| * The puppet president of the Philippines. He was controlled by the Japanese in heading the country| * He was selected, by the National Assembly, under vigorous Japanese influence, to serve as President. | * He violated his Oath of Office and headed an illegal government of the Philippines. | (November 6, 1959)Unspecified| * I cannot say that Laurel is a good leader in the country because there are many wrong doings that he did. He was also been accused as a traitor. 4. Sergio Osmena| September 9, 1878| Cebu City, Cebu| August 1, 1944-May 28, 1946| SO| * The first  Visayan   to become President of the Philippines. | * Founder of  Nacionalista Party * Together with Manuel Roxas, Pres. Sergio Osmena went on a mission to the US to ask for the Philippines' independence. The mission was called OSROX. The Philippines was granted its independence. | | (19 October 1961)Unspecified| * Despite of the war, Osmena was still brave to fight for the Philippines. He didn’t leave his countrymen in the fight. He also did rehabilitations in order to reserve the Philippines from war. | 5. Manuel Roxas| January 1, 1892| Capiz, Capiz| May 28, 1946-April 15, 1948| Manoling| * The first president of the independent  Third Republic of the Philippines| * Ratification of the Bell Trade Act * The Inclusion of the Parity amendment in the constitution * The signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement * The enactment of Hare – Hawes cutting Law in 1932 Tydings Mcduffie Act which led to the granting of the Philippine independence on July 04, 1946| | (April 15, 1948)Heart attack| * His term only last 1 year 10 months and 18 days.But even though he only served short, he managed to contribute in rescuing the country fro m its dire economic straits. He has he trait of agood leader. | 6. Elpidio R.Quirino| November 16, 1890| Vigan, Ilocos Sur| April 17, 1948-December 30, 1953| Pidiong| | * Hydroelectric project in Lanao * The establishment of PACSA * He signed the Magna Carta of Labor and Minimum Wage Law * Amnesty for the Huks| The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the  Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and barrios| (February 29, 1956)Hart Failure| * He was marked notable with reconstruction and economic gain But, his administration tainted by widespread corruption. | 7.Ramon Magsaysay| August 31, 1907| Iba, Zambales| December 30, 1953-March 17, 1957| Monching| * He was the first Philippine President born during the 20th century. | * His administration was considered one of the cleanest and most corruption-free; his presidency was cited as the Philippines' Golden Years * He led the foundation of the  Southeast Asia Treaty Organization  also known as the Manila Pact of 1954 * He is the first Philippine president to wear a barong tagalog in his inauguration| | (March 17, 1957)Plane crash| * He brought back the trust of the Filipinos to the government and militaries by proving integrity I his term.He is a good man to all. | 8. Carlos P. Garcia| November 4, 1896| Talibon, Bohol| March 18, 1957-December 30, 1961| CPG| | * He  exercised the  Filipino First Policy * He acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement * Initiated the â€Å"The Austerity Program†| | (June 14, 1971)Heart attack | * He believes that the government should no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests in the national economy. Because of this the country learned to stand on its own. | 9.Diosdado Macapagal| September 28, 1910| Lubao, Pampanga| December 30, 1961-December 30, 1965| Dado| | * He introduced the country's first  land reform  law * He   placed the peso on the free currency exchange market * He shifted the country's observance of Independence Day fro m July 4 to June 12. | | (April 21, 1997)Heart failure,  pneumonia  and  renal  complications| * He focused on suppressing graft and corruption in the country. He also pursue the agricultural land reform code of 1963. And this favored the farmers.This does mean he is for the masses. | 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos| September 11, 1917|   Sarrat,  Ilocos Norte| December 30, 1965-February 25, 1986| Macoy| * The dictator who proclaimed martial law | * He proclaimed martial law and reigned 20 years as the President of the Philippines * Laws written by Marcos are still in force and in effect. | Corruption, political mismanagement, assassination of Benigno â€Å"Ninoy† Aquino Jr. | (September 28, 1989)Kidney failure| * Marcos’ term is worst.His administration was marred by massive corruption, political repression, and human rights violations. He is a selfish and greedy leader. | 11. Maria Corazon C. Aquino| January 25, 1933| Paniqui, Tarlac| February 25, 1986- June 30, 1992| Cory| * She uses a yellow ribbon as a symbol of democracy. | * The first female president of the Philippines and in Asia * She was named Woman of the Year by the Time Magazine in 1986 * Mother of Philippine Democracy| * Coup attempts , natural disaster like the erruption of the Mt.Pinatubo, the earthquake in Luzon, the typhoon Uring and it is also n her term where MV Dona Paz sank| (August 1, 2009)Colon Cancer| * Despite the fact that she doesn’t have any learning about politics, she still runs for the democracy. She is a fearless and selfless woman. | 12. Fidel V. Ramos| March 18, 1928| Lingayen, Pangasinan| June 30, 1992-June 30, 1998| Eddie| | * He declared his support for reinstating the death penalty * It is in his term the Philippines experienced rapid economic growth and expansion * He signed into law  Republic Act 7636-  Anti-Subversion Law. * 1997 Asian Financial Crisis| (March 18, 1928- Present)| *   As a result of his hands-on approach to the economy, t he Philippines were dubbed by various internationally as  Asia's Next Economic Tiger. He is a hard- working man and appropriate to be a leader. | 13. Joseph E. Estrada| April 19, 1937| Tondo, Manila| June 30, 1998  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ January 20, 2001| Erap| * He is an actor before becoming the President of the Philippines| * He declared an â€Å"all-out-war† against the  Moro Islamic Liberation Front| * Jueteng case * Jose Pidal issue| (April 19, 1937- Present)| * Estrada is a brave man.A fighter against those people who are enemy of the country. But, he is not also that idealistic leader. Still there are controversies about corruption and gambling. | 14. Gloria M. Arroyo|   April 5, 1947|   Lubao, Pampanga| January 20, 2001  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ June 30, 2010| Ate Glo| | * She focuses on infrastructures like the Clark,rehabilitation of NLEX and SLEX, MRT/ LRT extension and the PNR * Tourist industry boost in her term| * Electoral sabotage * Corruption| (April 5, 1947- Present)| * She is not the model of a person with integrity.Her family especially her husband took money from the government’s income. Yes she have many deeds to improve infrastructures but she is no good as a president. | 15. Benigno Aquino III| February 8, 1960| Manila| June 30, 2010- present| Noynoy| * Came from the family who contributed to gain the democracy of the people from Marcos. | * He signed  Executive Order No. 9, eorganizing the Presidential Commission on the  Visiting Forces Agreement * He  signed  Proclamation No. 3, declaring November 23, 2010, as a national day of remembrance for the victims in the  Maguindanao massacre. * Implemented Executive Order # 7 which suspends the privileges of executives of 122 Government Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs). | | (February 8, 1960- Present)| * Aquino is walking in the shoes of his parents. He is cleaning the government from corruption and improving the economy. But, despite of this many are still not satisfied with his performance|

Compare the strategies and goals of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X during the Civil Rights Movements Essay

In the history of the American civil rights movement, two seminal figures emerge: that of the peaceful and nonviolent Martin Luther King, Jr., and the revolutionary and radical Malcolm X. From these two contrasting images, America did not know how exactly to classify the movement. On one hand, Malcolm X preached independence and a â€Å"by any means necessary† approach to achieving equality in America. And on the other, King preached a nonviolent, disobedient philosophy similar to that of Gandhi in the achievement of Indian independence earlier in the century. While most students are familiar with King as a civil rights leader, most are equally uninformed about the impact of Malcolm X in the African-American struggle for equality and freedom. And while there is much to learn from the two contrasting philosophies and approaches to change of each man, there are common threads that unite them: namely, a combined religiosity with political leadership that morphed into a demand for social and economic equality. Despite their differences, King and Malcolm X represented the same cause, and with the achievement of the movement, left a similar legacy to generations of Americans seeking change in their own time. However, from a comparative perspective, one cannot imagine a civil rights movement without the tactics King favored, or a successful movement characterized by the kind of violence and hatred advocated by Malcolm X. When one is asked to think of a comparison between two alternatives and which of the alternatives is â€Å"better†, one ought to imagine which alternative would produce the better outcome. A better outcome in any struggle for political change is one not characterized by widespread violence. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s childhood and young adulthood were exemplified by his work within the system, achieving prosperity through education and thinking, not through the violent struggle for existence like in the case of Malcolm X. In King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, he invites the listener to imagine a future in which Black children have an equal opportunity at achieving prosperity through education and hard word: an example of an equal chance not available at that time. Achieving this required nonviolent means consistent with the principles King adopted through his time studying Gandhi and civil disobedience. King called on people to be disobedient for the c ause of racial equality, whereas Malcolm X called on people to be violently forceful'†in opposition to any kind of representation of white power'†for the cause of Black power. Unlike  King, Malcolm X’s message did not convey a message of equality, but of hateful lashing out against an institution with the power to crush violent opposition. Like Gandhi, King insightfully recognized the efficacy of disobeying the system as a means of changing it. Violently attacking the system would only invite violent attacks back, and would, in the end, make the problem worse for Blacks. While Black militancy is understandable given Malcolm X’s history and his perception of the problem afflicting Blacks at the time, the better means of achieving Black rights was through nonviolence: specifically, boycotts, demonstrations, and marches. Dr. King welcomed participation from all people, including whites and other minorities, unlike Malcolm X. In historical reflections on the civil rights movement, it took both Blacks and whites (working within the white power structure) to achieve the desired outcome. For instance, white New Yorkers Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman were killed by Klansmen in Mississippi decided to investigate the burning of a Black church. Viola Gregg Liuzzo, a white mother from Michigan, was killed by Alabaman Klansmen in 1965 when she tried to help Blacks in the South (Maxwell). Thousands of whites worked for Black freedom: an ideological shift supported and encouraged by the kinds of tactics Dr. King advocated. The same cannot be said of Ma lcolm X, who famously remarked that white people were â€Å"a race of devils† (Lomax 57). What white person would be encouraged to work for civil rights given such an antagonistic remark? Although Black militancy was important in the context of the entire civil rights movement, the retaliatory tenor of Malcolm X’s message was sure to cause opposition from the establishment. The message was also profoundly collectivistic and an antithesis of the American value of individualism (McTaggart). His call for Blacks to come together created a movement for Black socialism in a kind of voluntary segregation. In a way, this defeated the purpose of the civil rights movement, and, absent of the efforts of other, less oppositional leaders, would have probably worsened the problem facing Blacks in America. Forcing the Black community to remain segregated from whites as a whole could have continued the sentiment among racist Americans that Black people are not equal to white people. Dr. King, in  contrast, unswervingly advocated for a social conscience in America: drawing attention to the inequalities he witnessed in a number of areas of society. Rather than assuming these i nequalities existed and not drawing public attention to them, Dr. King made it his role in the movement to challenge social assumptions about the place of Black people in America. Despite Malcolm X’s enormous influence on the movement, his message was not one of equality, but of retaliation for inequality. Although both Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were transformational leaders who were instrumental in raising public awareness of a problem of inequality, only King’s methods could have been successful in bringing about the desired outcome of the movement. Applied to the movement as a whole, Malcolm X’s philosophy of violent retaliation would have exacerbated the problem Blacks faced at the time, forcing the white establishment to increase oppression and segregation of the Black community. Because King’s techniques were successful in challenging the establishment, Blacks achieved a number of civil rights not previously available to them. The kind of transformation leader King represents is a rare symbol, and the inspiration he provided to Black people for change still inspires people to strive for equality and freedom. Works Cited Lomax, Louis E. When the Word is Given†¦: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World. New York: Greenwood Press, 1979. Maxwell, Bill. White friends of civil rights. 20 January 2008. 27 April 2010 . McTaggart, Ursula. The Oratory of Malcolm X. February 2006. April 2010 .