Literal Intelligence Collection

Literal Intelligence Collection: National Intelligence and the NSA wireless intercept program Intelligence Collection: Sources and Challenges February 13, 2012 In the aftermath of 9/11 the intelligence community (IC) felt pressure from all directions. Employees of the IC, Congress, and the general public wanted questions answered as to why our nation didn’t know an attack was imminent. This â€Å"failure† of intelligence caused a shake up within the entire IC, leading to many future changes. One such change was in communications intelligence (COMINT) collection.According to Cummings (2006), â€Å"President George W. Bush said that he authorized NSA to intercept the international communications of people with known links to al Qaeda and related terrorist organizations in the weeks following the September 11th terrorist attacks† (p. 6). The President’s decision had many repercussions. I will discuss the parameters of the decision, the management issues assoc iated with it that lead to such controversy, and the impact it had on national intelligence and the NSA.What led to this drastic decision by the U. S. President? The United States was blind-sighted in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack which resulted in the death of 2,977 innocent Americans. This was the largest attack in the history of the U. S. on our soil and although the signs were there for the intelligence community to see, it was mistakenly not put together. Much of the attack stemmed from communications between terrorist or those connected and working with terrorist within our Country, and this was unacceptable.In order to defend against such communications, according to Lichtblau & Risen (2005), â€Å"Under a presidential order signed in 2002, the intelligence agency has monitored the international telephone calls and international e-mail messages of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people inside the United States without warrants over the past three years in an ef fort to track possible ‘dirty numbers’ linked to Al Qaeda, the officials said. The agency, they said, still seeks warrants to monitor entirely domestic communications†.The sole purpose of the NSA program was to safeguard our national security in a more expansive, efficient manner. The center on law and security (2007) states â€Å"†¦this requirement to demonstrate all of the substantive and procedural elements of FISA to the Attorney General's satisfaction before any surveillance can begin, would fatally impair the President's ability to carry out his constitutional responsibility to collect foreign intelligence to protect our Nation from attack† (p. 9).Any implementation involving citizen’s privacy is assured to draw controversy, and the root of the problem with this program was a management issue. The President, DCI, and the Director of the NSA should have informed the head of the Senate Select and Congressional oversight committees with a mor e in depth understanding of the changes and the secrecy. A plan should have been in place to deal with leaks to the public of the changes, and a more detailed description of the amendment to the policy should have been created and kept under lock and key.Intelligence collection involves many activities that citizens (lacking all of the facts), may deem unconstitutional. The problem with this is most of the time the facts are not available to the general population, media, and even certain members of the Congressional oversight committees, for fear of an operation leak. Much of what the IC does must remain secret, at least until the aftermath (which could be years later). In regards to the topic at hand, authorization of warrantless wireless intercept by the NSA, the main problem arose due to management failures in the implementation of such a controversial topic.The center on law and security (2007) states, â€Å"Critics of the NSA program do not necessarily object to the type of s urveillance, but rather to the way in which it has been authorized, and to the absence of any oversight† (p. 10). The Congressional oversight committees serve as a checks and balance to the IC and the President informed the heads of the committees (Gang of Eight) of his plan to authorize wireless intercepts on Americans. Cummings (2006) states, â€Å"†¦the executive branch had limited its briefings of the legislative branch to the Gang of Eight.They further asserted that the executive branch had prohibited them from sharing any information about the program with congressional colleagues† (p. 7). In the aftermath, it seems the Gang of Eight did not understand the necessity of secrecy behind this information. The President should have explained the reasoning behind the secrecy and why the information was limited to the Gang of Eight. If the Gang of Eight understood the parameters and restrictions in place, they could better defend the plan when future problems arose. Preparations hould have been in place for dealing with the public if and when the time came that the media caught wind of the wireless intercept. At some point the President should expect that the public would have to be addressed with some details defending his actions. There should have been regulations in place, describing the limits the NSA still had to endure when it came to U. S. citizens. When reports came out in 2005, there was much confusion as to what exactly the President had authorized, and if there were limits in place for the NSA. A failure to properly address the issue allowed the media to run wild with stories, further outraging critics.Silence and secrecy only added to the problem of distrust of the IC. In preparation, President Bush should have had a detailed description of the amendment to the policy, with restrictions still in place for the NSA. This policy should have been dated at the time it went into effect, signed by the President, the DCI, the Director of NSA and the Gang of Eight and kept in the possession of the Director of the NSA. Having a signed document would serve the future purpose of showing there was knowledge of the parameters of the amended policy.If this policy had to become public (open source) at some point, it would hopefully show that Management had made an organized effort of implementing change and involved as many officials as possible under the current circumstances. The National Security Agency (NSA) has the task of protecting U. S. national security systems through the use of signal intelligence (SIGINT), to include COMINT. Prior to the President giving authorization to warrantless domestic eavesdropping following 9/11, the NSA had to obtain a court approved warrant in order to eavesdrop on a U.S. citizen’s communications, otherwise known as a FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) warrant. According to the center on law and security (2007) â€Å"FISA warrants require ‘probable cause’ to suspect that an individual is acting either for a ‘foreign power’ (including terrorist organizations) or as an ‘agent of a foreign power,’ a target (a cell phone, a computer, a BlackBerry, or a landline phone, for example), and that foreign intelligence be a ‘significant purpose’ of the warrant† (p. ). NSA is no stranger to negative public perception regarding their unconstitutional practices. This wireless intercept program put the agency’s reputation at stake once again. Reports of the NSA having access to most American’s phone records detailing their calls and communications is cause for concern for critics. Due to a lack of proper implementation, notifications and opportunity for oversight, the NSA and the IC has to climb another uphill battle to win back the trust of Americans.Dilanian (2011) states, â€Å"U. S. intelligence officials insist that the new surveillance powers have been crucial to stopping terrorist p lots†. Hopefully, some of the more recent successes in the community can erase the impact of failures and the intelligence community can improve their reputation once again. References Cummings, Alfred (2006). Statutory procedures under which Congress is to be informed of U. S. intelligence activities, including covert actions: NSA domestic surveillance.Congressional Research Service Dilanian, Ken (2011). 9/11, ten years after, more surveillance; A legacy of watchful eyes; The government eavesdrops on U. S. citizens as never before. Los Angeles Times Aug 30, 2011. Tuesday Home Edition. Lichtblau, E. & Risen, J. (2005). Bush lets U. S. spy on callers without courts. The New York Times, Dec 16, 2005. doi: 942423341 The Center on Law and Security at the NYU school of Law (2007). The NSA wiretapping program. For The Record, 1(Jan) 1-16.

What Is Fire Safety Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionFire safety applied scientists utilize fire scientific discipline and engineering to protect human life and human belongings in instance of fire. It involves fire safety design, fire safety technology and fire safety direction for the design intent. Over the past several centuries, fire safety technology has evolved significantly, from early applications to forestall inferno to the latest application of fire restrictions such as fire compartmentalisation. The developments of fire safety applied scientist seem to be matured until the ulterior portion of twentieth century, particularly after 911 event. Therefore, fire safety applied scientists must see important ethical concerns such as professional behavious and proof of theoretical accounts.DefinitionWhat is â€Å" Fire Safety Engineering † ? Harmonizing to the definition by the Institution of Fire Engineers of UK â€Å" The application of scientific and technology rules, regulations ( Codes ) , and adept judgement, based on an apprehension of phenomena and effects of fire and of the reaction and behavior of people to fire, to protect people, belongings and the environment from the destructive effects of fire. † Fire safety technology represent a group of professional applied scientist with broad cognition about fire in term of fire and human behavior. Harmonizing to the society of fire protection applied scientist of US, it indicates that the major aim of fire safety technology is application of technology rules and fire scientific discipline to protect human life and belongings from destructive fire, which including following important activities ( Institution of Fire Engineers of UK ) : Fire jeopardies analysis extenuation of fire harm by proper design, building, agreement, and usage of edifices stuffs, constructions, industrial procedures, and transit systems the design, installing and care of fire sensing and suppression and communicating systems, and post/fire probe and analysis. is familiar with the nature and features of fire and the associated merchandises of burning understands how fires originate, spread within and outside of buildings/structures, and can be detected, controlled, and/or extinguished, and is able to expect the behaviour of stuffs, constructions, machines, setup, and procedures every bit related to the protection of life and belongings from fire.Role of fire safety technologyHarmonizing to the Society of Fire Protection Engineers, a fire safety applied scientist applies scientific discipline and technology rules to protect people, places, workplaces, concerns and environment from destructive fires. Fire applied scientists analyze how edifices are used, how fires start and grow, and how fires and fume affects people and human behavior. For the latest fire protection engineerings, fire safety applied scientists can plan fire control system, sensing and communicating system and supply agencies of flight program by evaluate different fire scenarios within the edifice. Furthermore, fire safety research on fire rated merchandises and building stuffs are normally conducted presents, which reinforces applied scientists ‘ function to look into fire to detect fire behavior such as fire spreads, smoke spreads, protective steps and those critical opposition demand. Safety and cost effectivity in design has to balanced in order to supply equal protection for both belongings and its residents.Prescriptive codificationsFor general fire technology design, applied scientists will reexamine a proposal design for regulative conformity or local codification, such as Code of Practice, Building Regulations A & A ; B and NFPA Life Safety Code, which are called normative codifications. Prescriptive codification provide a counsel on effectual fire safety direction schemes with a complete solution in footings of safety programs, system procedures and direction tools, in order to set up a solid foundation to back up technology designs.Alternate attackFire Safety Engineering offers an alternate attack to accomplishing fire safe design solutions when compared to prescriptive codifications and regulative controls. The public presentation based methodological analysiss associated with fire technology provide chances for a hazard based rating to accomplish greater degrees of safety whilst leting the interior decorator and designer more range in accomplishing their aspirations for modern designs. In most instances the costs of supplying acceptable degrees of fire safety are lessened when following a fire engineered design solution. Harmonizing to Approved Document B â€Å" Fire Safety † in the Building Regulations 2000, â€Å" Fire safety technology can supply an alternate attack to fire safety. It may be the lone practical manner to accomplish a satisfactory criterion of fire safety in some big and complex edifices, and in edifices incorporating different utilizations, e.g. airdrome terminuss †Aspects 1 -Professional behaviousFire technology provides an effectual and efficient fire safety degree for a undertaking design with a lower limit of obstructors. It has to run into the international and national criterions as reference above as in the normative codifications and besides based on the design applied scientists ‘ experience and cognition. Additionally, alternate design considerations may be required based on client demands, i.e. authorities authority.. Fire safety applied scientists design protection system, such as fire sprinklers, pipes alliance, smoke design and direction, fire dismay system, fire sensing system and other particular jeopardies systems. Other than that, fire protection applied scientists ever collaborate to the professional design of structural fire opposition, means of emersion and fire rated building. As undertakings become more complex, and many people become more reliant on fire safety system. It is going more of import and clear that it is good to affect fire safety applied scientists at the earliest phases of design planning, from construct design and through to technology design phases. Benefits of incorporating fire technology into the nucleus design include a greater grade of design flexibleness, better fire safety solutions, a maximization between cost and the benefits it provides and the higher possibility for invention design and building. Conversely, if no fire protection applied scientists are invol ved in the undertaking squad until fire technology jobs are identified, holds can ensue as the fire protection applied scientist analyzes the job and develops solutions. At this phase there may be design options are likely to be more stiff than if fire technology input was more in the construct phase, and clip spent on old blessing phases will necessitate to be overcome once more as if big adequate alterations to plan has occurred which necessitates extra reappraisals and blessings. It is likely that design solutions from the fire applied scientists may be met with opposition to alter by squad members from other subjects, given that the design is at such a ulterior phase. By the usage of public presentation base blessing, a good balance of cost and safety issues allows for the decrease of building cost monetary value and frequently gives the designer and/or developer more freedom as to the in their design/construction of the structure.. Aspects 2 – Validation of patterning Validation is the procedure of finding the grade of understanding between manner anticipation and existent universe events ( Gritzo, L.A. , Senseny P.E. , Xin Y. and Thomas, J.R. , 2005 ) . The end of proof is to quantify assurance in the prognostic capableness of the theoretical account. Therefore the appraisal of theoretical account proof between theoretical account result and experimental consequences is really of import. It is because the truth of fire behaviour anticipation is extremely depending on the fire probe or fire modeling trial. Harmonizing to the fire safety diary ( Joyeux, D, 2002 ) , experimental probe of fire door behavior during a natural fire, it was indicated that they are over designed comparison to the thermic conventional fire and the natural fire. The consequences of the existent fire testing determined that the standard fire does non stand for a realistic representation of constructing constituent under existent fire. Besides the fire opposition clip demand does non match to the behavior of constructing constituent in existent fire. Modeling is of import for public presentation base design, as a professional fire applied scientist, patterning improves our cognition about fire component behavior and natural fire state of affairss.DecisionIn decision, fire safety technology has evolved significantly, and presents undertaking design has matured in its attitude about the development and probe of fire events. As a professional fire applied scientist, the above standards of ethical thought such as professional behavior and proof of patterning must be identified and discussed. Besides the above ethical facet, other subject such as public information, professional ordinance and safety versus cost can be considered for farther survey.

Important Steps to Marketing Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Important Steps to Marketing Success - Essay Example One possibility is renting a billboard that presents a continuing storyline as a traveler goes from one billboard to another, ultimately looking forward to the next billboard and the next part of the story; i.e. Burma Shave from 1925-1963 ("Billboards, 2006), and when the dairy business was in a slump, the GOT MILK logo was used in billboards, magazines, and on television. In the meantime, the product logo becomes familiar. The cost of this type of advertising, however, might be prohibitive. Display signs that encourage the public to search you out might be a less expensive option, but these sales methods also call for a design package that might make it worthwhile to spend a little extra for a well-known designer. After all, if a designer is well-known, he or she must know how to sell an idea. Marketing also could be accomplished with print flyers or broadcast ads by creating a powerful design that demands attention and by developing a mailing list for distribution. Once you have a design, you can create your own flyers. In advertising one thing leads to another. Advertising calls for sales promotion, which requires public relations. Public relations becomes part of personal selling, and the bottom line is direct marketing. How does one marketing decision actually suggest the next step For instance, let us say your company is selling a gadget guaranteed to outperform a similar product. You have registered your trademark, which includes a highly visible logo. In the age of computers a mouse is no longer a small animal; it is an object designed to move you around on the computer screen. Logitech is a highly visible name in the mouse market. But what if you have a voice-activated mouse pointer that reads the information on the screen without having to use a mouse The logo could be a lightning bolt, and the name of the pointer program could be the "Wizard"--shades of Harry Potter. The simpler the logo, the more successful it could be. Look at Nike. Nothing is simpler or more recognizable than the little boomerang. Whatever name you choose for your product, it should connect to your company name. Your particular Wizard is not the only voice-activated pointer program in the marketplace. It is therefore important to bring your company to the attention of the public. There are several ways to make your company name recognizable. One way is to connect to a charity. What if you donated several copies of your new program to a charity such as The Braille Institute This would be followed up with a press release, announcing your gift (Krotz, 2006). Not only would this be of interest to other charities, it might be a useful product for people who have arthritis or are disabled and can't use a regular mouse. If you have a reliable product and customers realize it, word of mouth can do a lot for sales. In this high-tech age, online selling is a necessary activity. Your company should have a website that is easy to navigate. In fact, it should have a voice-activated link in keeping with your new product. As a tie-in to your website, you might set up a booth at a trade show that will allow prospective buyers to try your products. Make sure you have

Ethics Review Procedue Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Review Procedue Assignment 1 - Essay Example The following discussion attempts to create an understanding of ethics review procedure while documenting all information obtained regarding the process. This paper addresses health insurance policy fraud in the novel, â€Å"Rainmaker† in order to find avenues for developing ethical review decisions. Health insurance policy is a contract between insurers and the insured that in the event insured falls sick all medical bills are paid by the insurer. Many nations are adopting collective health insurance policy in order to enhance equity in the provision of healthcare to ensure a healthy economy and improve economic growth and development. Nonetheless, many unethical people have engaged in fraud through health insurance policies. Being ethical does not only mean engaging in rightful activities but also conforming to requirements of law, standards of behavior, and religious beliefs. Health insurance policy fraud is an unethical conduct as it endangers someone’s life other than acting against requirements of health laws, rules, and regulations. Grisham John’s book â€Å"The Rainmaker† revolves around legal intrigues coupled with highest level of corporate greed. A humble and poor family sues an insurance company for fraud resulting into the son’s death. The company denied the family their insurance claim for funding bone marrow transplant. The family is represented by Rudy Baylor, a jobless young lawyer determined to use this case as a stepping stop into law fraternity. Rudy has been forced to take up the case facing it off with one of the most powerful lawyers in the region, Leo Drummond. Even though Rudy has passed his Tennessee bar, he has never argued before a judge and jury. After the trial process it is decided that the plaintiff is right though they are not paid since the insurance company is declared

Testing Procedure Specifications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Testing Procedure Specifications - Assignment Example TPS come in handy in ensuring that the software used by an organization is up to date and error-free. The accuracy of software is critical for any company (Haladyna et al. 57). By having regular TPS reports, our company will minimize complaints from clients about crashes. Remember, our clients are our greatest assets and we should, therefore, strive to maintain them and win their confidence and loyalty. Accurate TPS gives a company a competitive edge over the rest (Conley et al. 18). The staff is, therefore, advised to give regular and accurate TPS reports to minimize complaints from clients. This morning alone, two clients complained about crashes that seem to have emanated from sloppy code. In order to make everyone accountable, the company has introduced a new cover sheet. Consequently, from now henceforth, the company is putting cover sheets on all TPS reports before they are released. Kindly note that the staff is advised to stick to this new stipulation. This is simply a quality control check to ensure that everyone conducts a quality check on the TPS reports before releasing them. Programmers are advised to ensure they run the simulation so that it matches up to the template. This step ensures the simulation is up to manufacturer specifications (Rego et al. 16). They then have to document the test on the TPS report and put it on the cover sheet with their ID number. The new cover sheets will only act as quality control check to make everyone responsible (Williams et al. 71) Perhaps it is important to note that our clients are our priority; we offer them the best-customized software solutions to their software problems, and we safeguard our business. From tomorrow, I will select a team of staff to examine how the issues of quality control. If you want to be part of the committee, simply forward your name to the relevant office. Only programmers or managers with 3 to four years of experience will be considered.

Critically assess the attractions of commodities as an asset class Essay

Critically assess the attractions of commodities as an asset class over the short and long-term - Essay Example The ever-expanding list now also includes products such as financial instruments and stock indexes that trade on a commodity exchange. Commodities can be considered to be an asset class in their own right and long-term investments in the same have resulted in equity-like returns to investors. An investment can generally be considered a separate asset class when its returns are independent of other asset classes; its returns are both positive and significantly different from cash; its return cannot be replicated with a combination of other asset classes. Commodities have all these characteristics and therefore provide considerable investment portfolio diversification opportunities. It provides return and risk opportunities beyond that of simple inflation hedging and has sources of risk and return that are significantly different from and independent of traditional assets such as stocks and bonds. Moreover, its advantage lies primarily in that its risk and return trade-offs cannot be easily replicated through other investment alternatives. Thus commodity investment has enormous growth potential and poses some unique attraction for investors who understand its unique characteristics, benefits and challenges. For instance, commodities generally outperform other asset classes in an expansionary phase and deliver extra-ordinary returns within short periods. Like property, commodities offer low to negative correlation with equities and bonds and fixed income instruments and, therefore, provide a natural balancing and sobering effect on the portfolio. A correlation coefficient is a number between -1 and 1 that measures the degree to which two variables are linearly related. A positive correlative coefficient means that the two variables are directly related, i.e. the value of one will increase or decrease along with the increase or decrease in the other. A negative correlation means that the variables are inversely related and when one

Artist Scott Joplin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Artist Scott Joplin - Research Paper Example No rag composer would rival Joplin’s dreams and hopes for the music—dreams that resulted in the creation of a ballet, two operas, and other creations that directly defied the uncultured status of the rag expression (Gioia 21). Even though Joplin’s bolder works did not gain the popularity or recognition during his lifetime, his works are now prominent because of his grand ambitions, as well as his single-minded faith in ragtime as a major musical genre—a faith that, years after his death, became legitimized by his late recognition as a great American musician. Scott Joplin was born on the 24th of November 1868 in Texarkana, Texas (The Columbia Encyclopedia 53). He belongs to a family of musicians—his mother played the banjo, while his father played the violin. The banjo may have had a great influence on the musical creativity of Scott: the syncopated cadence of the African-American banjo music of the 19th century is without a doubt a forerunner of th e subsequent piano rag genre (Cardell 533). Scott showed his interest in the keyboard early on. He frequently went with his mother to her workplaces and would innovate and play the piano. As a teenager, Scott was already a professional pianist, with offers to play at social occasions and churches in the boundary of Arkansas and Texas. Afterward he became a music teacher and accompanied a vocal quintet that sang and played all over the area (Gioia 25-26). During this time, Scott attempted to make his first composition. Scott transferred to St. Louis in the 1880s, where he was paid as a pianist and a soloist in bars. He also played for a band. The ensemble job gave Scott the chance to enhance his talents in arranging that would eventually hit on their highest point in compositions for his two operas (Berlin 17). Scott lived in St. Louis for several years, but he travelled often throughout these years. His attendance at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, a very important exposition that drew the attention of the greatest composers of the period, could have been specifically momentous (Tawa 137). Even though rag composition had not yet been made public, it was in fact extensively performed at the fair, although most frequently at the fringes of the exposition grounds, where African-American composers performed; the more prominent spots were reserved for White musicians. In the 1890s, Scott moved to and lived in Sedalia, where he studied composition and rhythm at the George R. Smith College for Negroes (Gioia 24). Scott composed the ‘Maple Leaf Rag’ in 1897, a creation that would eventually become the most celebrated ragtime music of its period (Haskins & Benson 111). However, it was not until a few years afterward that John Stark made the composition public, and in the initial year merely a few copies were sold. Nevertheless, the ‘Maple Leaf Rag’ began to gain popularity in 1900, sooner or later becoming the first musical composition to sell roughly a million copies (Haskins & Benson 101). Aspiring pianists may have encountered difficulties navigating the rhythmic and technical complexities of Joplin’s popular rag; numerous musicians undoubtedly bought the composition and struggled with its difficult syncopations. Looking back, it can be discerned that the ‘Maple Leaf Rag’ simply alluded to the entirely of Joplin’

Major Favtors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Favtors - Essay Example In that case, the accounting practices in China focus on both the fair presentation of financial position and a conservative presentation. The reason behind a fair presentation is to meet the various needs and requirements of the stakeholders and the capital market. The conservative approach is targeting the banking sector, which has a direct access to financial information (Central Intelligence Agency). (b): Legal system – the legal system in China is coded. Coded laws seek to, exhaustively, envelop the existing laws and preserve their implication to match that of the time it was coded. For this reason, the Chinese accounting practices are highly, rigid, prescriptive, detailed and procedural. This kind of legal system requires that the national law regulate the accounting practices. For that reason, China engages in the preparation of two sets of financial statement. That is, the rigid and the adaptive type, to comply with different types of legal systems (Central Intelligence Agency). (c): Taxation – the system is linked to reflect the legal system. In China, the national laws regulate the taxation practices. In this case, the accounting and the taxation process are the same (International Federation of Accountants). (d): Political and economic ties - the basis of accounting practices is influenced by the external forces due to international relations. China has strong political and economic ties with Japan, whose legal system is codified. The ties have greatly influenced China’s financial reporting regime (International Federation of Accountants). (e): Inflation – the changes in the rate of inflation affect the commodity prices in countries. The financial figures should reflect the level of inflation in a country. However, in countries with a low rate of inflation, like China, the reported accounting figures rarely reflect the rate of inflation (Central Intelligence Agency). (f): Level of economic development – the economic development in

Macro Economic Policy in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Macro Economic Policy in Australia - Essay Example As a result of this, it attained the benefit of full employment and lower inflation level. The macro economic policy in Australia is focused on its monetary and fiscal policy and it aims to attain a sustainable developmental growth by mitigating certain problems in the areas of unemployment, inflation and other trade difficulties. "A macroeconomic policy framework conducive to growth can be characterised by five features: a low and predictable inflation rate; an appropriate real interest rate; a stable and sustainable fiscal policy; a competitive and predictable real exchange rate; and a balance of payments that is regarded as viable. Countries with these macroeconomic characteristics tend to grow faster than those without them."(Andersen and Gruen 2007). The term fiscal policy is related with two major concepts like allocation of resources and proper distribution of income. Proper implementation of fiscal policy is essential for maintaining a constant price level, elimination of job redundancy, and thereby the fulfillment of effective economic growth. So, the fiscal policy can be seen as playing a very important role in the accomplishment of economic objective. The approach towards both fiscal and monetary policy is quite different. ... nder circumstances in which annual budgets are strictly balanced, the irregular character of the within-year flow of expenditures and of revenues inevitably means that for some shorter periods within the annual time period, there will be 'deficits', albeit offset by 'surpluses' during other shorter periods, within the annual cycle. To the extent that the annual budget time-frame is ultimately arbitrary, this means that those who are committed to strict annual budget balance, in fact, as much acquiesce in the acceptability of temporary budget deficits, as do those who would argue instead for allowing some annual budget deficits, to be offset at other times by annual budget surpluses." (Approaches to Fiscal Policy. 2007). As far as the present economic situation prevailing in Australia is taken in to consideration, it is very clear that for the overall development of the economy, there should be a better resource allocation and income distribution is crucial. It is very important to make an understanding about the system of fiscal policy and its effectiveness. By taking this concept in the practical point of view, the fiscal policy may be short term, medium term and long term as far as the different situation is taken in to fact. "Fiscal policy is now directed firmly towards maintaining sound public finances over the medium term, based on strict rules. Where possible fiscal policy supports monetary policy over the economic cycle. This approach, together with the new monetary policy framework, provides the platform of stability necessary for achieving the Government's central economic goal of high and sustainable levels of growth and employment." (Fiscal Policy in the UK. 2007). For the effective imple mentation of an economy, the fiscal policy gives emphasis on certain

Uniform commercial code Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uniform commercial code - Assignment Example It would be advisable to communicate directly with them. If they refuse to cooperate and clear the front porch, it would then be acceptable to contact the lawyer. You need to inspect the compound and confirm that the cleaning and laundry supplies are indeed piled there. It would be easier if this matter could be resolved amicably out of court. 3. Inform the worker to leave the dishwasher as it is. Call the dishwasher service line to ask for assistance. Ask them to inspect the dishwasher and ascertain the damage done. If they agree to fix the dishwater and also reimburse plates, then that would be a fair settlement. It would be vital if you could keep the melted plates as evidence in case they are required. 4. Call the son and ask him to explain to you exactly what happened. Inform the lawyer of everything that has happened, and have the boy to talk to the lawyer and narrate the whole story to him. The medicine that the guest used should be stored in a safe place and left untouched. It would be important to contact the police and inform them of the entire situation. 5. Communicate with the food supplier and request a meeting with him to discuss the issue. Ask him to calculate how much this would cost. Inform the lawyer of this new development and then carefully go ahead with these plans. It is important to keep all the typed documentation of all the necessary requirements, as well as signed agreements, receipts, and bills. 7. Inform him that it is possible to pay by cheque. Ask for photocopies of his identification documents. Keep a photocopy of the cheque, as well as one of the bank slip. Keep these documents in safe storage and ensure you have all of his contacts. 9. Confirm attendance with the B&B restaurant owner. Make sure that you have accompaniment as you go meet him. Do not reveal too much company information and keep the meeting brief and formal as possible. 10. Inspect the scene of the accident and make sure you

Partnership and Norms Essay Example for Free

Partnership and Norms Essay Partner selection and dating is an imperative basis in an individual’s accomplishment of one of his psychosocial needs. Selecting a partner and the process of dating is crucial in determining the quality and nature of future relationships and marital decisions. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, as represented by a pyramid which indicates the basic needs of man and its importance in self-actualization, the third most significant need of man is the need to belong and be loved by others (Huitt, 2004). An individual’s need to become an accepted and valuable part of society, and the need to affiliate with people of the opposite sex, is an innate characteristic of man. Therefore, selecting a partner becomes an important decision that one must make based on the most convenient choice. These choices, however, vary under various circumstances, as it is influenced by society, culture, priorities, experiences, etc. For instance, differing concepts and perceptions about love vary for individuals; therefore their decisions in selecting a partner also vary. One’s concept of love, dating, partner selection, relationship, marriage, etc. may be influenced by social factors. Society often dictates standards and norms of dating. For example, individuals who live in a society which values social status and the preservation of this particular position in society practices arranged marriages. This is usually true, especially during the age of kingdoms and monarchs. Partner selection and dating may also be influenced by culture. In ancient China, marrying individuals from different cultural backgrounds was forbidden. In this case, race and cultural compatibility becomes influential in choosing a partner. At present, however, choosing a partner and the rules of dating have changed and have evolved into a more liberal milieu. Individuals have acquired the freedom to choose partners and date, depending on their personal views and perceptions of love, relationship, and marriage as formed by their priorities and experience, such as emphasizing importance on educational attainment, occupational status, etc. These choices and priorities are backed up theories which explains once social and personal construct regarding the matter. For instance, idolizing a parent influences individuals to choose partners with characteristics similar to their parents, etc. There are a lot of significant information that pertains to partner selection and dating (Mohatta, 2006), however, the main point is that choices and decisions being made regarding an individual’s selection of a partner, setting up of dating rules and principles to live by, reasons for staying in or leaving a relationship, going into marriage, etc. vary depending on several factors, such as culture, environment, society, family, personal choices and experiences, priorities, etc. Similar to partner selection and dating, sexual norms and sexual relationships also vary depending on one’s culture and perceptions. Two different societies were mentioned and described in the lecture which greatly explains the variation between these two societies regarding sexual norms and practice. The main argument stated herein is that an individual’s concept and perception of sex is learned from the society where he belongs. This is proved by the obvious knowledge that children, as young as they are, do not understand nor have ideas and contributions pertaining to issues and discussions regarding sex. Therefore, individuals gather the idea, perception, meaning, and importance of sex from the environment. For instance, a family environment which is not open about the idea of talking about sex with their children because members of the family regard it as a wrong deed is passed on to their children. In contrast, a society open to sex education, especially in educational institutions, allows students to acquire knowledge about sexual norms and practices, leading them to become aware of all its aspects. This can be important in informing students about sexually transmitted diseases, teenage pregnancy, safe sex, etc. With these alarming issues, most especially the high rate of individuals who acquire AIDS from numerous sexual encounters, or teenagers facing the responsibility of motherhood and parenting, more societies are accepting and pushing for the administration of sexual education in educational institutions. On the other hand, religious institutions are battling this societal move by reiterating their disapproval of the use of contraceptives, as encouraged by sex education, based on religious teachings and principles (Villaviray-Giolagon, 2007). Therefore, students who absorb information learned from sexual education may start to become open-minded about sexual responsibility; while on the other hand, churchgoers strengthen their stand for abstinence and marriage before sexual interaction. These two opposing viewpoints from educational institution and the religious institutions illustrate how an individual’s idea and perception of sexual norms and sexual relationships vary depending on environment.

The controversal breed of dog The Pit Bull Essay Example for Free

The controversal breed of dog The Pit Bull Essay The American Staffordshire Terrier (also known as Pit Bull) is believed to be a man-eating beast. But is this breed all its made out to be? The Pit Bull started in the Unites States; it has been developed since the early 1800s as a result of crosses between the bulldogs of that time and game terriers. Although the early ancestors of this breed came from England, the development of the American Staffordshire Terrier is the story of a truly American breed. This type of dog was instrumental in the success of farmers and settlers who developed this country. They were used for general farm work, hunting wild pigs, bears, and other large game, guarding the homestead, and general companionship. A number of the early ancestors were also developed for the sport of dog fighting. The extraordinary vitality of this breed is a direct result of breeding for successful fighting dogs. This now illegal activity is, unfortunately, more often cited as the early purpose of the dogs rather than the general farm work. Although ancestors of the American Staffordshire were fighting dogs, the selective breeding since the 1930s has been away from the fighting heritage. The American Staffordshire Terrier of today is a companion and show dog, rather than a gladiator. Although more rarely used on the farm now, the talents that made him a good all-purpose dog are still to be found in the breed. Later on, In the early 1900s people began to fight dog against dog in a pit, or dog against bull in a pit which is why the dog was later named the Pit Bull. Unfortunately in todays society there have been many cases of over breeding for this dog which has created temperament problems in their bloodlines, leading to inconsistent behavior. Pit Bulls over bred today are usually used to fight illegally in run down urban areas or are kept outside and are used to guard junkyards, peoples houses or private property. The over breeding of these dogs led to people housing them that were not qualified to handle this breed. Though they do not get overly large they have a body mass that can weigh up to 90 pounds, and a lockjaw with 800 pounds of pressure. These dogs are very smart, but require a lot of care and  attention. The Pit Bull will also learn to imitate the behavior of its owner. People who neglect these dogs or use aggressive force to train them will often have an aggressive dog likely to turn and attack. When kept in safe living conditions and trained properly these dogs are excellent family pets with a natural guard dog instinct to protect its family. Many of the dog attacks to take place in the past 10 years have been by Pit Bulls, but what about 10 years before that when the feared breed was the Doberman Pinscher. Now Dobermans are recognized as an extraordinary breed while the Pit Bull has now gained the reputation of Man eater. To stop the over breeding, inbreeding and sales to unfit owners, it is encouraged to buy your American Staffordshire Terrier from a registered and reputable breeder. It is also advised to see the papers and bloodlines to the parents to make sure they have been Temperament Tested (TT). When a responsible owner goes to these lengths to get a pedigree Pit Bull, they will end up with a companion for life that will be loyal and protect your every step. American Staffordshire Terriers tend to take to their main owner the most. They will follow them everywhere and protect them against danger at all times. Though very gentle, if the Pit Bull senses that their owner is in danger or at risk, they will put their own lives at stake for the well being and safety of their family. For the past 3 years precautions have been taken to ward off Pit Bulls becoming turned into attack dogs and the number of Pit Bull attacks have decreased. Now, because of the ever growing popularity of Labrador and Golden Retrievers, their inbreeding have caused these examples of Mans Best Friend to attack as well. So before you judge every Pit Bull that you see please be aware that a majority of the time it is the inability of the owner, and not the aggressiveness of the dog. Any dog can attack if not properly bred or cared for!

Research Methodology for Business Analysis

Research Methodology for Business Analysis RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHOD Research Strategy The purpose of this study is to use the literature as a framework to answers our two research questions. Because our questions are profound, and therefore hard to measure, an analytical research approach that promotes measurement and a quantitative model is not appropriate for our study. Since the term strategy is an intangible phenomenon, information regarding the subject can only be gathered through deep interviews. For such studies the qualitative research strategy is preferred (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al 2004). Our purpose is to describe the strategy applied in our case company by using the literature we have compiled as a framework. Even though there might be some instances of normative conclusions for how a strategic management controls system should be formed, there is no direct empirical research tied to that conclusion in our thesis. Therefore our research approach neither derives from a normative research approach. Our study should rather be classified as a descriptive one. Our main purpose is to describe how a strategy can be defined and how it can be used as a management control instrument. The descriptive study is used to describe a certain phenomenon through previous theories and thereby testing the validity of these theories in practice. The descriptive study leads to a deductive research approach. The deductive approach is used when the research is based on previous theories. The theories used states what type of empirical information that should be gathered, how it should be in terpreted and how the results can be related to the theories to describe the empirical material. This research approach consist the base of our thesis. Research Philosophy Since we wanted to identify the strategy of Lema, the best way to gather this information was to interview the staff of the management team. Through our interviews we were able to gather adequate empirical information to interpret and describe Lema’s strategy based on our theoretical framework. Due to our emphasis on interviews we derive our interpretation of reality through an operator’s perspective. This perspective concludes that reality is a social construction (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al 2004) and it is interpreted differently by each individual. Therefore the truth consists of coherency among different individuals’ interpretations of reality. This perspective is consistent with our choice of conducting four interviews to validate the coherency between each individual’s interpretations and thus we attempt to build a reliable empirical data of reality. Inquiry approach By studying and summarizing the works of Michael Porter and Chan Kim Mauborgne’s Blue Ocean Strategy we have come up with a coherent theoretical work frame for examining how a strategy can be defined in an actual business. Further to this, we have investigated how the strategy can be executed by using Kaplan Norton’s theories about Strategic Mapping and The Balanced Scorecard as well using Simon’s strategy implementation theory Levels of Control. According to Robert K. Yin (2006), a case study is that which discusses a contemporary fact in its real context. A case study also supports the use of several theoretical frameworks to describe empirical information. In accordance with this guidance we realized that this was an appropriate method for achieving the purpose of our thesis. Therefore our research method is based on an in depth, single case study in which we examined both the strategy and strategy management control system. Further to this we also wanted to make clear how the different theories could be used as complements to one another and use them together to describe the strategy of a company. Selection of Case Study Objects In order to be able to apply the theories that we have chosen for strategy definition and strategy implementation, we thought that a company with a clear market position would be suitable for us. This because an evident market position often mean a distinct value proposition, which facilitates the process of defining a strategy (Porter, 1996, 1998). Since our theoretical framework revolves around many different theories, it was also important that the company was of an appropriate size so that we would to be able to assemble the empirical and theoretical material into one comprehensible context. When searching for interesting companies that could be appropriate for our thesis, we became more and more interested in Lema because they have a unique concept and position. While the vast majority of companies have suffered during the recent financial crisis, Lema has defied this general pattern of decline and prospered. In mid-2009 their growth rate was higher than it had been for almost h alf a decade, despite the prevailing crisis. The fact that Lema has defied the general condition of the market suggests that they are in some way distinguished from their competitors. This triggered our interest for a more detailed study of the strategy that has contributed to Lema’s success. After some initial contacts with Lema and receiving their support we decided to build our case study around their company. Literature search In order to find a practical and valid theoretic framework for strategy definition and strategic management control systems, we started our literature search by looking at previous studies within the field of strategic management controls. This was done by searching the Swedish database â€Å"Uppsatster.se† and through Gothenburg University’s own database GUNDA. We used key search words such as â€Å"strategy†, â€Å"strategic management controls† and â€Å"strategy implementation† to find relevant studies within the specified field. After covering a broad number of previous works we found several commonly used articles and books. We later searched for these articles by entering their specific article names within the scientific databases EBSCO, Emerald and Google scholar. The books that we used in our thesis were found in the various Gothenburg University libraries by searching on either the author’s name or the title of the book. We first briefly overviewed the articles and books that we had found in order to evaluate whether they were relevant to our research question or not. The sources that we found relevant were later used to create our theoretic framework. We were also g iven literature guidance from our supervisor Ingemar Claesson and from a business case competition’s (BI-Marathon) readings recommendations. The coherency among the sources we found through the database searches and those sources we received from our supervisor and reading recommendations from the business competition gives credibility of relevancy to our sources. Since our thesis converge two interconnected discourses; those of strategy literature and those of management control, we consider our literature overview of five models quite broad. This approach enabled us to apply a combination of appropriate theories to be able to answer our research questions in a manner that we saw fit. Through the literature search and understanding of the previous studies we created a theoretical framework. This theoretic framework guided our collection of empirical data in the case study so that the theoretic framework could later describe and interpret the empirical information. Selection of Respondents In the process of selecting respondents we assumed that we needed to interview employees at leading positions within Lema in order to gain information from those with significant insight into the strategic processes. In order to gain a broad perspective of Lema business and activities we chose to interview the CEO, CFO, Purchasing Manager and the Store Manager of the company. By interviewing these respondents we gained insight into the different areas relevant to our study. Our respondents were: Boris Lennerhov, CEO, Lema Ullared (3/5 16.00-18.00) Per Andreasson, CFO, Lema Ullared (3/5 10.00-12.00) Christian Henriksson, Store Manager, Lema Ullared (4/5 10.00-12.00) Carin Kjellgren, Purchasing Manager, Lema Ullared (5/5 10.0-12.00) Interviews We have designed our interview template based on the theories that we have compiled so that the interview would be thematic and thereby congruent with the purpose of our thesis (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al 2004). Our interview questions were designed in a semi-structured way, as an entirely structured interview often leaves too little room for respondents to answer freely (Patel Davidsson, 1994) A semi-structured interview also enabled each respondent to focus on the questions he/she found more relevant. We used the same general design for all interview templates in order to get a broad perspective of the interview subjects and to cross-reference these answers with one another to ascertain the answers coherency. Before the interview we met with the respondents to briefly explain to them on the different areas that we would be discussing so that our respondents would be acquainted with the topics of the interview. However we did not send the exact interview template, since we did not want our respondents to give us â€Å"automated† answers. None of the respondents requested to be anonymous, which contributed to the credibility of our research (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al, 2004). Data processing To facilitate the data processing and ensure the reliability of data received from our interviews we printed out our interview templates and used them during the interviews. Answers were document by both computer and by hand to ensure reliable answers. Since the interviews were held in Swedish in order to make sure that our respondents felt comfortable and to be able to gather more information, we had to first translate the raw data into English. The interviews were recorded for validity check during the data processing. After documenting all answers directly after each interview we put together all four answers and concluded the coherent answers of each performed interview into one final main answer. This process is consistent with our research philosophy of the operator’s perspective that reality is based on coherency among each individual’s interpretations. Due to our interview structure, which is based on our theoretic framework, we could quite easily relate the answers to our theories. We later analyzed the empirical data with our theoretic framework to answer our two research questions. Method Critics – Validity and reliability The validity of research studies is the most difficult and most important problem in empirical social studies. (Gilljam, Esaiasson, 2004) The term validity can be defined in three different ways: Congruency between the theoretic definition and the operational indicators Free from systematic errors The research examines what we intend to research The first two definitions can be categorized as conceptual validity while the third definition is categorized as result validity. (Gilljam, Esaiasson ,2004) These two categories are related to each other by the following formula: Conceptual validity + Reliability = Result validity (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al, 2004) The greatest validity problem is that of conceptual validity. The problem of social science empirical research is that many theoretic terms are abstract and intangible and therefore makes it difficult to use proper operational indicators that measure the theoretic term. Therefore improper results and wrong conclusions are created by using inconsistent operational indicators to measure the theoretic term. Further for the proper result to be valid, the reliability of the study must be high. Reliability implies that the thesis is free from unsystematic and random errors. These kinds of errors might occur due to stress, carelessness or sloppy notes, misunderstood interview answers, negligence of certain information during data processing etc. However it is argued that conceptual validity is more important than reliability. (Gilljam, Esaiasson et al, 2004) For example if the operational indicators used in a study does not measure the intended theoretic term the results are flawed, but if the conceptual validity is correct and the reliability is low the results are slightly skewed though the overall result is still accurately measured. Since the theoretic terms strategy and management control systems are very abstract and interpreted differently among researches and professionals. There are no unanimous operational indicators that properly define these two terms or any unanimous framework in which these two terms can be described. However in this thesis we have implied a theoretic framework that guided us how to describe strategy and through this framework we formed interview questions that could be seen as our operational indicators. Thereby we attempted to achieve as good conceptual validity as possible. To increase the reliability of our thesis, we taped all our interviews and performed the same interview with our four chosen respondents. We used structured interview templates printed on A4 paper that would provide a clear guide for notes and made it easier for us to refer answers to our literature framework. We transcribed the answers directly after the interviews to make sure that the answers were correctly documented. Still the reliability for this study might be imperfect because our behavior during the interview might have affected the respondents’ answers. However we tried to prevent this so-called interviewers effect (Denscombe, 2000) by reacting as neutral as possible to the respondent’s answers. Further, Lema has not worked with any kind of strategy controls therefore some respondents were unfamiliar with our subject. If the respondents had read through our content email and prepared a bit before our interviews, their answers might have been better. Since we only conducted four interviews with the management team of Lema our empirical finding might include a large amount of their subjective assessments. It would have been better to interview a larger number of respondents within the management team and even conduct the same interviews with external industry experts5 to further validate the answers of our respondents from Lema.

The Effects of Western Imperialism on China and Japan Essay -- Cause E

The Effects of Western Imperialism on China and Japan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China and Japan had very different experiences with Western Imperialism . Their reactions to western interference would lay a foundation for their destiny in a world that was rapidly progressing forward , leaving the traditional world behind .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China viewed themselves as totally self sufficient , superior , and the only truly civilized land in a barbarous world. They were inward looking and were encouraged by the conservative Confucianistic beliefs of their emperors to cling to the ancient and traditional ways of the past . They slid rapidly behind in industrial development , refusing to acknowledge the need for shipbuilding or naval development , and saw no importance in European trade .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then in the 1800's , Europe thrust its way into the heart of the Middle Kingdom, shattering and destroying its isolation forever. China would then be involved in four wars during the nineteenth century ; Britain's opium war (1839- 1842), a second war (1856-1860) fought by British and French , the Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) , and a final western invasion involving British , French , German , Japanese and U.S troops (1899-1900). Chinese Emperors were compelled to sign unequal treaties and were forced to open a number of ports , as well as agree to other territorial concessions . China was also forced to open its seacoasts and its rivers to Western intruders . The Europeans also exploited China's land... The Effects of Western Imperialism on China and Japan Essay -- Cause E The Effects of Western Imperialism on China and Japan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China and Japan had very different experiences with Western Imperialism . Their reactions to western interference would lay a foundation for their destiny in a world that was rapidly progressing forward , leaving the traditional world behind .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China viewed themselves as totally self sufficient , superior , and the only truly civilized land in a barbarous world. They were inward looking and were encouraged by the conservative Confucianistic beliefs of their emperors to cling to the ancient and traditional ways of the past . They slid rapidly behind in industrial development , refusing to acknowledge the need for shipbuilding or naval development , and saw no importance in European trade .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then in the 1800's , Europe thrust its way into the heart of the Middle Kingdom, shattering and destroying its isolation forever. China would then be involved in four wars during the nineteenth century ; Britain's opium war (1839- 1842), a second war (1856-1860) fought by British and French , the Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) , and a final western invasion involving British , French , German , Japanese and U.S troops (1899-1900). Chinese Emperors were compelled to sign unequal treaties and were forced to open a number of ports , as well as agree to other territorial concessions . China was also forced to open its seacoasts and its rivers to Western intruders . The Europeans also exploited China's land...

Voting Essay :: essays research papers

Voting Essay Can you imagine walking into the scheduled spot chosen in your riding for voting, to find a group of young teenagers just hanging around talking and laughing amongst themselves? Wouldn't you be thinking, what do those kids know about voting? Look at them just mingling about with each other! This election could determine my lifestyle in the future! For this reason and others, I believe the voting age should be left at 18, if not raised a year or two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is it not true that the Young Offenders Act was created because youths under the age of 18 cannot think rationally for themselves and need special guidance? Well one could argue that for the same reason, youths shouldn't be given the right to vote. Politics, Federal Bills, and the government can all be classified as jobs for the elders. Perhaps it is best for the elders to decide upon who they are. Don't get me wrong, I'm not trying to put down young people, obviously not, look at myself, its just that it is safe to say that citizens older then me, even one year older have more knowledge then me and would have better understandings of who to vote for. People may argue that some teens do have more knowledge then some adults, but we're talking majority wise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voting is also not an easy task. It takes a lot of effort and research to distinguish which Member of Parliament would be the best to vote for. Some representatives may even come door to door to persuade you to vote or them and since they would be aware that young teens now have a say in elections, they would use their sneaky minds and somehow promise something attractive to youths, possibly a four day school week or three months summer of summer break as opposed to two. Surveys have shown that teens are much more gullible then adults and this could also cause a problem within a group of friends. e.g.(Hey man! Who are you voting for? Umm… The Reforms. All right sounds good to me, I'll choose them too.

Workplace Violence Essay -- Workplace Health and Safety

Workplace Violence According to the FBI, workplace violence is the number one growing homicide in the United States. There are an estimated 225,000 to 300,000 occurrences of violence each year. Despite the aforementioned statistic, some managers have simply failed to address the issue of workplace violence. Such negligence has not necessarily been purposeful. It has been due to a lack of awareness of the problem coupled with a preoccupation of everyday pressures. Many managers view workplace violence as just another workplace scourge such as sexual harassment--another governmental compliance burden. Unlike sexual harassment, workplace violence has resulted in people dying and that is precisely why it must be stopped. Sadly, far too many perpetrators have been allowed to come to Afull blossom@ right under the nose of a manager. For example, statistically, Athree-quarters of documented perpetrators showed warning signs. With the aforementioned statistic in mind, this paper will show some aspects of workplace violence that managers should look for in both their employees and their organizations, so as to spot and prevent workplace violence. Profiles Profiling potentially lethal employees or perpetrators is an exercise in both art and science. There is no question profiles can come in many forms and that many potential workplace murderers will not match any defined profile. Nonetheless, there are patterns evident in the behavior of workplace violence that make the effort of profiling them worthwhile and important to any organization. The violent individual often telegraphs his violent intentions before acting upon them, which may help to predict violence. The profile itself has been constructed to reflect two maj... ...ago: University of Chicago Press. Cascio, B.C. (1993). Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. New York: Haworth. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1998). Statistical abstract of violent crimes in the United States (59th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Fox, P.D., & Levin, D. (1994). Breaking Point: The Workplace Violence Epidemic and What to Do About It. Chicago: Doubleday. Hesket, K.B., (1996). Essentials of Managing Workplace Violence. New York: Haworth. Kirkwood, M.E., (1993). Profiling the Lethal Employee: Caase Studies of Violence in the Workplace. Los Angeles: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. Kurlad, J., (1998). Preventing Workplace Violence: Positive Management Strategies. New York: Holt. Lock, N. (1997, July 13). Tragedy Strikes Again. L.A. Times, pp. A1, A22. Webster=s Dictionary (9th ed.). (1972). Chicago: Webster=s.

The Farewell to Miss American Pie

â€Å"Bye-bye Miss American Pie†. These words were now immortalized in the halls of music industry, and perhaps will be last tribute to the legendary era of ‘rock and roll’ and turbulent times of the 60’s. This song was created by Don McLean, and became phenomenal hit in 1971, charting almost four weeks on the billboards. But there is more than saying goodbye to Ms. American Pie, which in itself is a symbol and image to the profound interpretation of the song. The message pierces more than a county boy strumming a guitar, or it speaks beyond the farewell to an unknown lady.Don McLean, in his official website, made interesting comments regarding the song. While he allowed the song to be interpreted in various lenses, he himself confessed that the song was an allusion to historical or factual events, people and places that his song discussed. Don McLean said, â€Å"I am very proud of the song, it’s biographical in nature, and I don’t think anyo ne has ever picked up on that, the song starts off with my memory with the death of Buddy Holly.But it moves on to describe America, as I was seeing it, and how I fantasizing it might become, its part of reality and part of fantasy but I’m always in the song as a witness, or even as a subject, sometimes in some verses† (Starry, Stary Night Video 2000, cited in www. don-mclean . com). Realizing that McLeans work is to be approached in autobiographical sense, the memories of his childhood his personal persuasions and feelings can be deduced.In the very first line, â€Å"A long, long time ago, I can still remember, how the music made me smile, and I knew If I had a chance, that I could make those people dance, and, maybe they’ll be happy for a while†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Miss American Pie lyrics). The persona in the song, was â€Å"I†, a first person point of view, bolstering the point of McLean that this is biographical. The persona clearly stated that it was his à ¢â‚¬Ëœmemory’ and it was his wish to ‘make people smile and happy’ for a while. This simple statement speaks of a typical young man musician’s dream, his own wishful thinking.As also stated in his website, the song was openly dedicated to the death of Buddy Holly and his companions, who died in a plane crash. This tragic death, moved to illustrate the transiency of life, and wishes in that sense are to be as pure, as simply stating: â€Å"chance to make people dance and make them happy for a while†. Clear from the second and third stanza the descriptions were, â€Å"But February made me shiver†¦bad news on the doorstep, I couldn’t make one more step†. This alludes to the death of Buddy Holly, one of the prominent rock singers in the 60’s (RS, 2004).Their plane crashed in February 3, 1959, which shocked their audience of their untimely death. It could be said that the dedication of the song to Buddy Holly was not because he was a major contributor to the genre of McLean’s music, rather, it was a common knowledge that Buddy Holly was the pioneer of rock & roll music, long before, Elvis Presley, and the Beatles invaded the long playing discs. But the death of Buddy Holly was more than the death of an individual, as the song suggests â€Å"This’ll be the day that I die†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .The demise of Buddy Holly signifies the death of a young promising man, the death of dream, and the death of wishful thinking. Linking the first stanza, to the second and third, the dream of the persona, to live, to entertain, presented a harsh reality of transiency, of â€Å"non-permanence of things. Like the death of Buddy Holly, who may epitomize the budding career of an ambitious young man only to be interrupted by the fact that, death is no respecter of persons.The chorus lines, were repetitious saying â€Å"bye-bye Miss American Pie†. The seeming relevance of this allusion is the representation of American Pie, as the symbol of the â€Å"young and vibrant Americans†. As McLean admitted, â€Å"the song was written as my attempt at an epic song about America, and I used the imagery of music and politics to do that. Also, I was influenced by the Sgt. Pepper album, and the American Pie album was my attempt to do that, but the song totally overshadowed the album† (McLean, 2000, cited www.don-mclean. com). Thus, the â€Å"American Pie† is an image of America, and the persona’s attempt to picture the America as it strives to be, and it might become. But contrasting words will reveal that, if the persona illustrates â€Å"American Pie† as the young America, then why a bid of farewell? Is the persona, trying to say goodbye to future America has? Again, it can be viewed skeptically, the young dream, as mentioned earlier, the wishful thinking must not be allowed to vanish, it must move, it must sojourn.The next lines driving the chevy, â€Å"but the l evee was dry†, this illustrates the life of the young America to rise, go or, to go farther, or move on. But the dry levee was said to illustrate the painful realities of life as we move along. Even driving oneself to that dream, the levees of experiences and circumstance would always be dry. A realism is seem to be presented, that life is not a bed of roses, rather it was a long winding trip to the end. The melancholic lines continuously read: â€Å" The good’ol boys were drinking, whiskey and rye, saying this’ll be the day that I die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  .Presenting the realistic point of view, the good old boys verbalized the promising young people, yet with the painful realities, they have succumbed to the defeatists attitude of lurking themselves, as pictured by the words, â€Å"drinking, whiskey and rye†. The drinking symbolizes solitary, loneliness and isolation. This thought bolstered the point of death, and surrender by proclaiming â€Å"this’ll be the day that I die†. Two oppositions may come into the picture.First, wishful thinking and dreams versus the paralyzing truths of life, we may succumb to surrender and declare our defeat with our own death—demise of our dreams, our lives, our hopes. Yet, this could pose as challenge, that the farewell to Miss American Pie, may be a welcome to her—as we welcome the challenges and bitter moments in our lives with energy and courage. The song illustrates several allusions more to the music icons, the rage of politics, the America’s society, but this attempt is to illustrate the more profound meaning of the song, realization of life, and how do we deal with it.As said, we may live and fight be sad, and drink whiskey and rye to our own discontent or we may rise above the situation, and welcome our American Pie, with â€Å"Hi, Hi, Miss American Pie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  SOURCES: Don McLeans. Don McLean’s American pie. American Pie. com. 2007. May 29, 2007 < http://www. don-mclean. com/americanpie. asp> The Immortals: The First Fifty, Rolling Stone Issue, 946. Rolling Stones. April 15, 2004. Bressler, Charles. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994 (please include the source in LA Times, the data is difficult to recover, LA Times, February 3, 1959. )

Unit 508 Develop and Implement Policies and Procedures

building block 508 Develop and implement policies and procedures to back off the bulwarking of clawren and young hoi polloi. 1. Understand the impact of stream legislation that underpins the precautioning of infantren and young bulk. 2. 1 (CCLD Unit 2 swan policies and rehearse to safeguard kidren and assure their inclusion and surface being). 2. 2 (CCLD Unit 2 Support policies and give to safeguard children and ascertain their inclusion and swell being). 2. 3 (CCLD Unit 2 Support policies and practice to safeguard children and crack their inclusion and well being). . 4 (CCLD Unit 2 Support policies and practice to safeguard children and ensure their inclusion and well being). The young tidy sum , surrender the availability to call , translator of a child whenever they would like. They can do this in a confidential setting, so they ar able to express any concerns in private. If a young soul is un happy with stopping points that chip in been do approxim ately them or their c be, they can call to address to an proponent. The advocate go forth help ensure that they argon listened to and that their views are taken seriously.An advocate can help the young people if * They want aliveness at canvasss or other put upings * They dont like the images that have been do about(predicate) them * They want to complain modern People resident at have access to numerous supports, advocates, and complaints processes. We as well as objective to resolve alongside placing authorities to work with topical anesthetic advocacy serve. NCC Participation and advocacy Officers Anya Proud and Robin Craig are easy for looked afterwards young people who subscribe advice, support or information. preteen people can also express their views about the services they receive The Client traffic Officer based at County mansion also offers autarkical support to Young People. also benefits from regular visits from an Action for Children advocate, p ass on details are We also have an internal comments, suggestions and complaints system that can be accessed by young people, family members or placing authorities. If you esteem to use this service please suffer one of the registered managers. 2. Be able to support the review of policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people. 3. What is the take aim of a skillful graphic symbol retrospect? precept FOR SERIOUS CASE REVIEW (SCR) 1. 1. 1 Regulation 5 of the local anaesthetic forethoughting Children display panel Regulations 2006 requires Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) to undertake reviews of serious circumstances in accordance with procedures set out in chapter 8 of Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006). * When a child dies, and abuse or neglect is known or guess to be a factor in the death, the LSCB should get by a dear facial expression Review (SCR) into the involvement that organisations and professionals had with that child an d their family.The purpose of an SCR is to ? Establish whether there are lessons to be learned from the shell about the delegacy in which local professionals and organisations work in concert to safeguard and throw out the offbeat of children tell clearly what those lessons are, how they ordain be acted upon, and what is anticipate to variety show as a moderate and As a consequence, make better inter-agency on the job(p) and better safeguard and push the welfare of children Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006),Serious case reviews are not inquiries into how a child died or who is culpable these are matters for coroners and the vile courts, respectively The purpose of a Serious Case Review is to * evidence whether there are lessons to be learnt from the case about the way in which local professionals and organisations work in concert to safeguard and promote the welfare of children * hear clearly what those lessons are both deep down and between agencies, how and deep down what timescales they will be acted on, and what is expected to change as a result and * improve intra- and inter-agency working and better safeguard and promote the welfare of children Who undertakes a Serious Case Review?Regulation 5 of the Local Safeguarding Children Boards Regulations 20069requires Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) to undertake reviews of serious cases . LSCBs are inter-agency forums, set up by a local function, to agree how different agencies and professionals should co-operate to safeguard children. In cases that do not meet the criteria for a full serious case review, theWorking togetherguidance suggests conducting individualist circumspection reviews or a smaller-scale audit of individual cases . In cases that do meet the criteria, the LSCB establishes a Serious Case Review venire involving local authority childrens care, wellness services, education and the police at a minimum as well as any other germane(predicate) agencies .Th e decision to conduct a SCR moldiness be made within one calendar month of the LSCB chair being made advised of the resultant and should be completed within six months, unless an alternative timescale is agreed with the relevant Government Office . What happens during a Serious Case Review? Working together to safeguard children(HM Government, 2010)states that each of the relevant services identify in the initial scoping of the review is require to undertake an individual counsel review of its involvement with the child and the childs family . The aim of an individual counsel reviews is for an agency to critically assess practices, and identify how any improvements can be made .The SCR empanel will commission an independent overview report, which brings together and analyses findings from all of the individual instruction reviews and makes recommendations for future accomplish . The SCR Panel should ensure that all contri stilling organisations and individuals are meet that their information is fully and fairly delineated and that any findings from other relevant processes such(prenominal) as care or criminal proceedings, an inquest or inquiry/investigation are incorporated into the overview report . The SCR Sub-Committee will also need to look at how the child (where the review does not involve a death), surviving siblings, parents or other family members should wreak to the review and who should facilitate their involvement What happens after a Serious Case Review?Working together to safeguard children(HM Government, 2010)states that the SCR Panel should translate recommendations into an accomplish plan and the higher-ranking manager in each of the organisations which will be involved in implementing the action plan should sign up to this plan . A copy of the synopsis which accurately reflects the full overview report must be made publicly available . The summary and key findings must be disseminated to relevant interested parties, and feedback given to the child (if surviving) and family members/carers. germane(predicate) staff must also be given feedback and debriefed . Anonymised copies of the individual management reports, overview report, executive director summary, multi-agency action plan, and chronologies must be move to Ofsted, the relevant Government Office .LSCBs should varan and audit actions of agencies against action plan at least as much grounds should be spent on implementing the recommendations as on conducting the review Duty to conduct air division 47 (s47) Enquiries Where a child is suspected to be suffering, or belike to suffer, significant disability, the local authority is required under s47 of the Children Act 1989 to make enquiries, to change it to decide whether it should take any action to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child. responsibleness for undertaking s47 enquiries lies with the local authority in whose area the child lives or is found. Found means the physical locati on where the child suffers the incident of harm or neglect (or is identified to be at risk of harm or neglect), e. g. ay nursery or school, embarkment school, hospital, one-off event such as a fairground, holiday home or military expedition or where a privately fostered or looked after child is living with their carers. Whenever a child is harmed or concerns are raised that a child may be at risk of harm or neglect, the authority where the incident comered is responsible for inform the childs home authority immediately and inviting them to go into in the strategy meeting / intervention to plan action to protect the child. only when once agreement is reached about who will take responsibility is the host authority relieved of the responsibility to take essential and ongoing action. Such acceptance should occur as soon as realizable and should be confirmed in writing. Section 47 Enquiries A s47 enquiry must always be commenced immediately when on that point is reasonable ca use to suspect that a child is suffering or in all likelihood to suffer significant harm in the form of physical, sexual, emotional abuse or neglect * An Emergency Protection enact or use of police powers of resistance have been used. (Further information about reasoned responsibilities in Appendix 6 ratified Matters) The threshold criteria for a s47 enquiry may be identified during an initial assessment, but may also be unmingled at the point of referral, during the interagency checks and information convention stage, or during a core assessment. 3. 6 (CCLD Unit 2 Support policies and practice to safeguard children and ensure their inclusion and well being). 3. 7 . 3. 8 3. 9 . .

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).

Words of Encouragement

Patrick Draughn terminology of Encouragment From the bulge divulgedo branch of 2012 to the succeeding(prenominal) yr of 2013 we would ilk to enunciate congratulations to you wholly, you do it. It has been a capacious and the coating bound is step shrewd approaching. This approaching association impart be the topper and pound duration s of your mellowed prep arehouse run into. thither leave al iodine be clock when you roll in the hayt incline to pop to inform to generate sullen your impudently trailer truck or to sop up wind labour surviveweek. on that point result excessively be mea sealed where schooling is impart it only non where you indispensability to be straighta air and your system disturb out go scarce your head word girdle at base.These multiplication tout ensembleow for fall d receive and these measure leave al whizz go just flat the angiotensin-converting enzyme social function you moldiness toy with is non to swallow wherefore you arrange to school. Do not lay to ease wherefore you are insure b passage(prenominal) school. prolong ont kibosh somewhat the es grade on Monday because you were out with your friends this spend and didnt sapidity akin flying fielding. fall apartt leave al unrivalled approximately the writing collectible succeeding(a) week because you were withal interfe crew deciding what to nourish Brittany or bobby some subject for their birthday. weakent be slow to form because you couldnt mold what to wear with your unexampled garment or what accessories pass oning equate your dress.No this is not the cartridge holder to unlax stoogecelled without delay is not the age to plow the ill-famed computer virus allow a go at it as olditis. nowadays is the beat to focus on on your studies, move your way by dint of the thoroughfare to commencement exercise, and if you square off opening tally out what college you w ould uniform to attend if you havent inflexible already. To the potential college students now is unimpeachably not the metre to get keister on your studies just to get a study propose started. devote me it leave be a neces dumbfoundy. I know at that place exit be clock where you finger standardised prominent up and lacking to quit.Ive been there, Ive been up all darkness typewriting paper and having to get up at the snarl of pervade the attached sunup for class. Ive been trounce up in come out and having to come home to chores, siblings, and readiness. I had the rail line where you had to work on weekends and homework was imput adequate Mondays sort of of Wednesdays. I n invariably verbalize the thoroughfareway to graduation was painless merely I bargain it allowing be worth it, and after that road ends galore(postnominal) more than roadstead provide sire to form. Its invariably shrewd to broadcast your attached culture and whether it whitethorn be college, military, workforce, or etc. make sure youre qualification the redress ratiocination for yourself and no integrity and only(a) else.You have guarantee of your own destiny. I mobilize my ranking(prenominal) social class I was commander of the wide-cut ROTC at my richly school, professional of cardinal sports teams, and I withal had a job. Although there were multiplication when expectant up entangle like the easiest topic to do I had to sit plump for and pretend was it the castigate occasion to do. I original more rewards comply roll, medals, as yet a state backing ring so its enounce to regularise I have unadulterated galore(postnominal) things throughout my broad(prenominal) school experience unless my unsoundgest deed was walk of demeanor crossways that order look my star topology in his face and shiver his march on age he gave me my diploma.I knew that I was ultimately destroyed ein truththing was complete. I intend posing humble with my naan who is is a big mildew on my life. We sit galvanic pile down and talked more or less college she told me how no one in our family has constantly been to college and if I resolved to go id be the really first. That was more than comme il faut penury for me to engage the skillful highroad for me so hopefully the powerful street for you students will be free as well. In choosing your course I pauperization you to withdraw one thing that my naan unceasingly told me.My grandmother was a very wise woman and although we had galore(postnominal) communions I neer memorialise them all precisely I do mean that particular(prenominal) conversation over the rest because she told me something that has been graven in my theme ever since that night. She say tidy sum can seize on a distri exactlye of things from you money, cars, clothes, homes, even off your life but theres one thing no one will neer be able to take from yo u and thats your education. So to the coming(prenominal) senior class of 2013 I say legal hazard congratulations and whitethorn your road or path make pass you to your destiny.